The Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the functions of body membranes?

Answer 1

Cover body surfaces, line body cavities, form protective sheets around organs

Question 2

What are the classifications of Epithelial membranes?

Answer 2

Cutaneous, mucous, serous

Question 3

What is the classification of connective tissue membranes?

Answer 3

Synovial

Question 4

What is the Cutaneous Membrane?

Answer 4

Skin, dry membrane, and outermost protective boundary

Question 5

What is the superficial epidermis composed of?

Answer 5

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

What is the underlying dermis composed of?

Answer 6

Dense connective tissue

Question 7

What do mucous membranes do?

Answer 7

Line all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface for absorption or secretion

Question 8

What do serous membranes do?

Answer 8

line open body cavities that are closed to the exterior body surface, occur in pairs separated by serous fluid

Question 9

What does the visceral layer of the serous membrane do?

Answer 9

cover the outside of the organ

Question 10

What does the parietal layer of the serous membrane do?

Answer 10

line a portion of the wall of the ventral body cavity

Question 11

Where is the peritoneum?

Answer 11

Abdominal cavity

Question 12

Where is the pleura?

Answer 12

Around the lungs

Question 13

Where is the pericardium?

Answer 13

around the heart

Question 14

What is the integumentary system composed of?

Answer 14

Skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, nails

Question 15

What is the Skin’s functions?

Answer 15

Protect deeper tissues, aid in heat loss or retention, aid in excretion of urea and uric acid, synthesize vitamin D

Question 16

What does the skin protect from?

Answer 16

Mechanical damage (bumps), Chemical damage (acids + bases), Bacterial damage, Ultraviolet radiation (sunlight), Thermal damage (heat or cold), Desiccation (drying out)

Question 17

What are the three layers of the skin?

Answer 17

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 18

What is the Epidermis?

Answer 18

The outermost layer of the skin that consists of 5 layers

Question 19

What is the epidermis made up of?

Answer 19

stratified squamous epithelium, keratinized to prevent water loss, avascular

Question 20

What are the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

Answer 20

Stratum basle, stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum comeum

Question 21

What is the dermis?

Answer 21

the middle layer of skin, made up of dense connective tissue, very vascular

Question 22

What are the layers of the dermis?

Answer 22

The papillary layer (upper dermal region) and the reticular layer (deepest skin layer)

Question 23

What is the papillary layer?

Answer 23

projections called dermal papillae, some contain capillary loops, others have pain and touch receptors

Question 24

What is the reticular layer?

Answer 24

Blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, deep pressure receptors

Question 25

What is the hypodermis?

Answer 25

subcutaneous tissue, not technically part of the skin, anchors skin to the underlying organs, composed of mostly adipose tissue

Question 26

What are skin appendages?

Answer 26

cutaneous glands (sebaceous glands, sweat glands), hair, hair follicles, nails

Question 27

What are sebaceous glands?

Answer 27

Oil glands, ducts empty into hair follicles; others open directly onto skin surface

Question 28

What do sebaceous glands do?

Answer 28

Produce oil, lubricate skin, prevent brittle hair, kill bacteria

Question 29

What are sudoriferous glands?

Answer 29

Sweat glands that are widely distributed in the skin

Question 30

What do sudoriferous glands do?

Answer 30

Produce sweat

Question 31

What are the types of sudoriferous glands?

Answer 31

Eccrine and Apocrine

Question 32

What are eccrine glands?

Answer 32

Open via duct to pore on the skin surface, produce sweat

Question 33

What are apocrine glands?

Answer 33

Ducts empty into hair follicles, function at puberty, and release sweat that also contains fatty acids and proteins

Question 34

What does hair consist of?

Answer 34

hard keratinized epithelial cells, melanocytes provide pigment for color

Question 35

What makes up nails?

Answer 35

Central medulla, cortex surrounds medulla, cuticle on the outside of the cortex

Question 36

What is a hair follicle?

Answer 36

Dermal and epidermal sheath surrounding hair root

Question 37

What is the arrector pili muscle?

Answer 37

Smooth muscle that pulls hair upright when cold or frightened, connected to hair

Question 38

What are nails composed of?

Answer 38

Scale-like modifications of the epidermis, stratum basle extends beneath the nail bed