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Anatomy + Physiology > Trimester 1 +2 Review > Flashcards

Trimester 1 +2 Review Flashcards

(116 cards)

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1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

the study of structures like tissues

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

the study of functions like how the tissues work

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3
Q

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

A

They depend on each other and focus on the human body, anatomy must be studied before physiology

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4
Q

What is the human body organization from least to most complex?

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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5
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system?

A

Synthesizes vitamin D, protects, waterproofs, maintains boundaries, aids in the excretion of urea + uric acid, aid in heat loss or retention

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6
Q

What is the function of the skeletal system?

A

Protects + supports body organs, framework for motion by muscular action, formation of blood cells, mineral storage

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7
Q

What is the function of the muscular system?

A

Allows manipulation of environment, locomotion, posture maintenance, heat production

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8
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

Break down food into absorbable units, excretes indigestible wastes

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9
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A

Elimination/extretion of nitrogenous wastes; regulates water, pH balance and electrolytes

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10
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

Deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues

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11
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

gaseous exchange between the body and environment

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12
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Fast action control system that responds to external and internal changes, uses electric signals

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13
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

houses white blood cells, involved in immunity, picks up loose fluid leaking from blood vessels to filter and return to blood

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14
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

Glands that secrete hormones that regulate body processes

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15
Q

What is the function of the reproductive system?

A

Production of offspring

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16
Q

What are two parts of the integumentary system?

A

Skin + Sweat Glands

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17
Q

What are two parts of the skeletal system?

A

Bones + Joints

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18
Q

What are two parts of the muscular system?

A

Skeletal + Cardiac Muscle

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19
Q

What are two parts of the digestive system?

A

Stomach + Esophagus

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20
Q

What are two parts of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys + Urinary Bladder

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21
Q

What are two parts of the circulatory system?

A

Heart + Blood Vessels

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22
Q

What are two parts of the respiratory system?

A

Pharynx + Bronchi

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23
Q

What are two parts of the nervous system?

A

Brain + Spinal Cord

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24
Q

What are two parts of the lymphatic system?

A

Thoracic Duct + Lymph Nodes

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25
What are two parts of the endocrine system?
Pinal Gland + Pituitary Gland
26
What are two parts of the reproductive system?
Female: Overies +Uterus Male: Testes + Penis
27
What are the eight functions needed to maintain life?
Responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, maintaining boundaries, movement, excretion, reproduction, growth
28
What body system is associated with responsiveness?
Nervous
29
What body system is associated with digestion?
Digestive
30
What body system is associated with metabolism?
Endocrine
31
What body system is associated with maintaining boundaries?
Integumentary
32
What body system is associated with movement?
Muscular + Skeletal
33
What body system is associated with excretion?
Digestive, Urinary, Respiratory
34
What body system is associated with reproduction?
Reproductive + Endocrine
35
What is homeostasis?
The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment
36
How does homeostasis work?
It uses receptors to monitor changes, a control center to determine responses, and effectors to shut off or increase the stimuli
37
What is negative feedback?
when the body reduces or shuts off the stimulus like breathing
38
What is positive feedback?
when the body enhances or increases the stimulus like blood clotting
39
What is disease?
Disruption of homeostasis
40
Why does the medical industry use medical terminology?
To reduce the amount of memorization and prevent misunderstandings
41
What is the human anatomical position?
Upright, feet together, eyes, palms, and feet face forward
42
Nasal
Nose
43
Axillary
Armpit
44
Carpel
Wrist
45
Pubic
Genitals
46
Buccal
Cheek
47
Femoral
Thigh
48
Lumbar
Lower back
49
Brachial
Upper arm
50
Cephalic Occipital
Back of head
51
Superior
Above
52
Inferior
Below
53
Dorsal
Towards the back
54
Ventral
Towards the front
55
Anterior
Front
56
Posterior
Back
57
Medial
Towards middle
58
Lateral
Towards outer side
59
Proximal
Close to origin
60
Distal
Far from origin
61
What is the median plane?
A cut separating the left and right sides of the body
62
What is the frontal plane?
A cut separating the anterior and posterior
63
What is the transverse plane?
A cut separating the superior and inferior
64
What is in the ventral cavity?
Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
65
What is in the dorsal cavity?
Cranial and spinal
66
What are the 9 abdominal regions
Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
67
What is a cell?
The smallest unit of life
68
What does the cell membrane do?
Serve as a barrier
69
What does the smooth ER do?
Detoxify drugs and involved in lipid metabolism
70
What do ribosomes do?
Make proteins, and involved in protein synthesis
71
What does the nucleus do?
Serve as the control center; house DNA, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope
72
What does the mitochondria do?
The powerhouse of the cell carries out reactions with oxygen
73
What do peroxisomes do?
Detoxify harmful substances like alcohol
74
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies and packages proteins
75
What do centrioles do?
Involved in cell division
76
What are the steps of mitosis?
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
77
What does interphase look like?
The cell grows
78
What does prophase look like?
Chromosomes are visible as the nuclear envelope disappears
79
What does metaphase look like?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
80
What does anaphase look like?
Chromosomes move to opposite poles
81
What does telophase look like?
Nuclear membrane reappears
82
What does cytokinesis look like?
The cell separates into two identical cells
83
What organelle is responsible for cell division?
Centrioles
84
What is tissue?
A group of cells that function the same
85
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
Protection of body surfaces, secretion of substances, absorption of substances, filtration of substances
86
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Lots of cells, always one free surface, avascular
87
What is the function of connective tissue?
Bind body tissues, support body, insulates to maintain body temperature
88
What are the characteristics of connective tissue?
Most abundant, mainly EC matrix
89
What is the function of muscle tissue?
To produce movement
90
What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?
Packed cells, vascular, elongated shape
91
What is the function of nervous tissue?
Communication, regulate body functions, carry electrical signals
92
What are the characteristics of nervous tissues?
Non-regenerative and unique structures
93
What does the integumentary system protect the body from?
Mechanical (bumps), Chemical (acids + bases), Bacteria, UV Radiation, Thermal (heat), Desicaation (Drying out) damage
94
What substances does the skin excrete?
Urea, uric acid +sweat
95
What are the layers of the epidermis?
Papillary (Upper) + Reticular (Deepest)
96
What is the papillary layer?
Pain + touch receptors
97
What is the reticular layer?
Blood vessels, sweat and oil glands
98
What is the hypodermis made of?
Adipose tissue
99
What is the function of the hypodermis?
Achor skin to underlying organs
100
What is melanin?
Skin pigment
101
Where is melanin found?
Stratum basle of the epidermis
102
What is the muscle that causes goosebumps?
Arrecter pili muscle, smooth muscle that is connected to hair
103
What gland produces oil?
Sebaceaous glands (empty into hair follicles or skin)
104
What gland produces sweat?
Sudoriferous Glands (widely distributed)
105
What is the deepest layer of skin?
The hypodermis
106
What skin layer contains nerves?
The dermis
107
What skin layer is vascular?
The dermis
108
What skin layer contains adipose tissue?
The hypodermis
109
What skin layer contains sweat and oil glands?
The dermis
110
What layer of skin contains a hair follicle?
The dermis
111
What skin layer contains pores?
The dermis
112
What is the function of the Skeletal System?
Support the body, Protect soft organs, allow movement, store minerals and fat, blood cell formation
113
What do osteoblasts do?
Form bones
114
What do osteocytes do?
Mature bones
115
What do Osteoclasts do?
Destroy bones
116

Anatomy + Physiology (9 decks)

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