Cells, Tissues And Organs

Question 1

what is a multicellular organism?

Answer 1

Multicellular organisms are made up of many cells which are specialised

Question 2

What are specialised cells?

Answer 2

Cells that perform specific functions in the organism

Question 3

What are unicellular organisms?

Answer 3

Organisms made up of one cell only

Question 4

What must the cell in the unicellular organisms do?

Answer 4

Carry out all of the functions to keep the organism alive

Question 5

What is the function of a red blood cell?

Answer 5

To transport oxygen

Question 6

What is the specialisation of a red blood cell?

Answer 6

• Bi-concave shape to fit through tiny blood capillaries
• large surface area for oxygen transport
• Haemoglobin which binds with oxygen
• no nucleus to maximise the amount of pigment

Question 7

What is the function of a nerve cell?

Answer 7

To carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body

Question 8

What is the specialisation of a nerve cell?

Answer 8

•long
•long projections to make connectors which other cells
•carries electrical signals
Transmits impulses which helps us co-ordinate thoughts and movement

Question 9

What is the function of an egg cell?

Answer 9

To provide nourishment for the embryo before implantation in the womb

Question 10

What is the specialisation of the egg cell?

Answer 10

• large

* cytoplasm contains nutrients and energy rich yolk to nourish embryo before implantation

Question 11

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 11

To reach and fertilise the female egg

Question 12

What is the specialisation of a sperm cell?

Answer 12

• long tail for swimming

* head contains enzymes and nucleus to penetrate egg

Question 13

What is the function of a muscle cell?

Answer 13

To contract and cause movement

Question 14

What is the specialisation of a muscle cell?

Answer 14

• long and thin to help with movement

* large number of mitochondria to produce the energy required for contraction

Question 15

What is the function of a root hair cell?

Answer 15

To absorb water and minerals for the soil for photosynthesis

Question 16

What is the specialisation of a root hair cell?

Answer 16

• large surface area for absorption

* thin cell wall for minerals to pass through

Question 17

What is the function of a phloem tissue?

Answer 17

To transport sugar around a plant

Question 18

What is the specialisation of a phloem tissue?

Answer 18

• end walls have holes to allow sugar to be transported to next cell
• companion cell with larger nucleus to control cell

Question 19

What is the function of the xylem vessel?

Answer 19

To support + water transport up plant

Question 20

Cell-Tissue-?-?-?

Answer 20

CELL-TISSUE-ORGAN-ORGAN SYSTEMS-ORGANISM

Question 21

What is the specialisation of a Xylem vessel?

Answer 21

• Hollow tube
• Wall strengthen by lignin
• lignin deposited as rings or spirals allowing expansion and contraction

Question 22

What is the function of a leaf cell?

Answer 22

To carry out photosynthesis

Question 23

What is the specialisation of a leaf cell?

Answer 23

They contain a very large number of chloroplasts to maximise photosynthesis

Question 24

What is the function of a white blood cell?

Answer 24

To fight infections in the body

Question 25

What is the specialisation of a white blood cell?

Answer 25

* irregular shape to squeeze through blood vessels | * contains enzymes which digest the microbe into harmless waste substances

Question 26

What is a tissue?

Answer 26

A group of specialised cells working together to do a particular job (eg. Muscle)

Question 27

What is an organ?

Answer 27

Groups of different tissues working together to carry out a particular function (eg. Heart, eyes, lungs)

Question 28

What is a system?

Answer 28

Groups of different organs all working together to carry out a particular function (eg. Digestive system)

Question 29

Specialised cell-?-?-?-?

Answer 29

Specialised cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism

Question 30

Cardiac muscle cell-?-?-?

Answer 30

Cardiac muscle cell-cardiac muscle tissue-heart-circulatory system

Question 31

Root hair cell-?-?-?-?

Answer 31

Root hair cell- root epidermis- roots- transport system

Question 32

Stem cells are being used for what?

Answer 32

After cancer treatment to restore destroyed stem cells

Question 33

What are the two types of stem cells?

Answer 33

Embryonic and adult / tissue stem cells

Question 34

Embryonic stem cells are?

Answer 34

Stem cells found in developing embroys

Question 35

Embryonic stem cells can develop into?

Answer 35

All of the specialised cell types found in the organism

Question 36

Adult / tissue stem cells are?

Answer 36

Found in adult tissue

Question 37

Adult / tissue stem cells can develop into what?

Answer 37

A bare over range of cell types than embryonic stem cells

Question 38

Stem cells are involved in what?

Answer 38

Growth and repair

Question 39

What type of stem cell are there ethical issues about and why?

Answer 39

Embryonic because many people disagree with them using stem cells taken from embryos

Question 40

What are stem cells?

Answer 40

Unspecialised cells which can develop into any specialised cell type or divide to produce more stem cells (self renew)

Question 41

What are meristems?

Answer 41

The growing points of a plant

Question 42

Meristems are the site of production of what type of cell?

Answer 42

Non-specialised

Question 43

Meristems are the only sites of what in plants?

Answer 43

Mitosis

Question 44

apical meristems=?

Answer 44

Tip of root/stem

Question 45

Lateral meristems=?

Answer 45

Side growth (in the stems)

Question 46

Name examples of animal tissues

Answer 46

Muscle and nerve

Question 47

Examples of plant tissues

Answer 47

Xylem, phloem, root epidermis

Question 48

Examples of organs in animals

Answer 48

Brain, heart, lungs, stomach, skin

Question 49

Examples of Plant organs

Answer 49

Stem, root, leaf and flower