Respiration

Question 1

What is: RESPIRATION?

Answer 1

A biological process in which the chemical energy stored in food is released for use in cells.

Question 2

What is the source of energy for living cells?

Answer 2

Glucose.

Question 3

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 3

Aerobic and Anaerobic.

Question 4

What type of respiration requires oxygen?

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration.

Question 5

What type of respiration releases a greater amount of energy?

Answer 5

Aerobic respiration.

Question 6

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 6

Inside mitochondria.

Question 7

What is the summary equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 7

Glucose + Oxygen ——> Carbon dioxide + water

Question 8

What is: A biological process in which the chemical energy stored in food is released for use in cells?

Answer 8

Respiration.

Question 9

Aerobic and anaerobic are…?

Answer 9

The two types of respiration.

Question 10

What kind of respiration takes place inside mitochondria?

Answer 10

Aerobic respiration.

Question 11

What is this the summary equation for:

Glucose + Oxygen ——> Carbon dioxide + water?

Answer 11

Aerobic respiration.

Question 12

What is: ATP?

Answer 12

A high energy molecule (adenosine tri-phosphate)

Question 13

When is ATP formed?

Answer 13

When adenosine di-phosphate (ADF) chemically joins with an inorganic phosphate (Pi)

Question 14

What releases energy for cellular reactions?

Answer 14

Breaking the bond between ADP and the terminal inorganic phosphate.

Question 15

What is ATP broken down to?

Answer 15

ADP + Pi (and regenerated to ATP in a cyclic reaction)

Question 16

ADP + Pi ——> ?

Answer 16

ATP

Question 17

ATP —–> ?

Answer 17

ADP + Pi

Question 18

What happens to the amount of ATP a cell has?

Answer 18

It more or less stays the same.

Question 19

What is formed: When adenosine di-phosphate (ADF) chemically joins with an inorganic phosphate (Pi)?

Answer 19

ATP

Question 20

What does: Breaking the bond between ADP and the terminal inorganic phosphate do?

Answer 20

Released energy for cellular reactions.

Question 21

Name 4 cellular reactions ATP is need for?

Answer 21

Protein synthesis.
Muscle contraction.
Cell divison.
Transmission of nerve impulses.

Question 22

In respiration, what is required to release energy?

Answer 22

Glucose.

Question 23

What is the energy used for?

Answer 23

To make ATP.

Question 24

What is used to power another process in the cell?

Answer 24

ATP.

Question 25

What is the first stage of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 25

Glycolysis.

Question 26

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 26

In the cytoplasm of the cell whether oxygen is present or not.

Question 27

What happens in glycolysis?

Answer 27

Each glucose molecule is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules, producing a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Question 28

What is: GLYCOLYSIS?

Answer 28

The first stage of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

Question 29

When do: Each glucose molecule is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules, producing a net gain of 2 ATP molecules?

Answer 29

Glycolysis.

Question 30

What is the second stage of respiration if oxygen is present? (aerobic)

Answer 30

Kreb's cycle.

Question 31

If oxygen is present during respiration what happens to the pyruvate molecules?

Answer 31

The pyruvate molecules go to the central matrix of the mitochondria and Kreb's cycle takes place.

Question 32

What is kreb's cycle controlled by?

Answer 32

Enzymes.

Question 33

In kreb's cycle, what is given off as a waste product and breathed out?

Answer 33

Carbon dioxide.

Question 34

In kreb's cycle, what is removed and carried by high energy energy transfer molecules?

Answer 34

Hydrogen.

Question 35

What is used to produce ATP in kreb's cycle?

Answer 35

Hydrogen.

Question 36

In kreb's cycle, what combines with oxygen to form water which is breathed out?

Answer 36

Hydrogen.

Question 37

In kreb's cycle, hydrogen combines with what to form water which is breathed out?

Answer 37

Oxygen.

Question 38

Where does kreb's cycle take place during respiration?

Answer 38

Mitochondria.

Question 39

What is: KREB'S CYCLE?

Answer 39

The second stage of aerobic respiration that can only take place if oxygen is present.

Question 40

In kreb's cycle what happens to: CARBON DIOXIDE?

Answer 40

It is given off as a waste product and breathed out.

Question 41

In kreb's cycle what happens to: HYDROGEN?

Answer 41

It is removed and carried by high energy transfer molecules. It is used to produce ATP. It combines with oxygen to form water which is breathed out.

Question 42

What stage of aerobic respiration takes place is mitochondria?

Answer 42

The second stage. Kreb's cycle.

Question 43

In total, how much ATP does aerobic respiration produce from 1 glucose molecule?

Answer 43

38 ATP are produced from aerobic respiration.

Question 44

Where does aerobic respiration start and get completed?

Answer 44

Aerobic respiration starts in the cyoplasm of the cell and is completed in the mitochondria.

Question 45

The more active a cell is..?

Answer 45

The more mitochondria it will have in order to provide the energy it needs.

Question 46

Where does the oxygen for aerobic respiration come from?

Answer 46

The oxygen is breathed in, then transported round the body inside red blood cells, where it is bound to a special protein called haemoglobin.

Question 47

In anaerobic respiration why can't kreb's cycle take place?

Answer 47

The pyruvate cannot enter the kreb's cycle and must enter a different pathway.

Question 48

Where does the second stage of anaerobic take place? (it's the same for plants and animals)

Answer 48

In the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 49

In the second stage of anaerobic respiration, how much energy is released?

Answer 49

There is no further release of energy by that pathway.

Question 50

In total, how much ATP does anaerobic respiration produce from 1 glucose molecule?

Answer 50

2 ATP is the energy released (by glycolysis)

Question 51

38 ATP are produced from what type of respiration from 1 glucose molecule?

Answer 51

Aerobic respiration.

Question 52

2 ATP are produced from what type of respiration from 1 glucose molecule?

Answer 52

Anaerobic respiration.

Question 53

In anaerobic respiration, what is the pyruvate converted to?

Answer 53

Lactic acid.

Question 54

What is the equation for the fermentation pathway in animals?

Answer 54

Glucose -------> Lactic acid

Question 55

When lactic acids build up in the cells, what does it cause?

Answer 55

It causes fatigue and cramp.

Question 56

What is the build up of lactic acid referred to?

Answer 56

An oxygen debt.

Question 57

Is stage 2 of anaerobic respiration, in animals reversible or irreversible?

Answer 57

It is reversible.

Question 58

What is repaying the oxygen debt?

Answer 58

After anaerobic respiration, when oxygen becomes available, this lactic acid can be converted back to pyruvate and then enter kreb's cycle.

Question 59

In plants during anaerobic respiration, what is pyruvate converted into?

Answer 59

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 60

What is the equation for the fermentation pathway in plants?

Answer 60

Glucose -------> Carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Question 61

Is stage 2 of anaerobic respiration, in plants reversible or irreversible?

Answer 61

Irreversible.

Question 62

What is this the equation for: Glucose -------> Lactic acid?

Answer 62

The fermentation pathway in animals.

Question 63

What build up in cell, causing fatigue and cramp?

Answer 63

Lactic acids

Question 64

What is this the equation for: Glucose -------> Carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 64

The fermentation pathway in plants.