Cellular Anatomy Flashcards by Jessica Manuel

Aka “Plasma Membrane or Cytoplasmic Membrane

CELL MEMBRANE

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Semi Permeable Membrane that regulates the passage of substance ‘’ IN AND OUT” of the Cell

Cell Membrane

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Semi Permeable Membrane that regulates the passage of substance ‘’ IN AND OUT” of the Cell

Cell Membrane

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Nucleus

Covered by BILAYERED MEMBRANE(phospholipid bilayer)

Nuclear Envelope

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Contains DNA and RNA

Nucleus

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Thread like structures CARRY GENETIC Information

CHROMOSOME

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Contains Single,Double-stranded DNA molecule

Chromosome

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material that makes up chromosomes,

Chromatin

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Complex of DNA and its associated protein(DNA + Histones)

“BEADS ON STRING” appearance

Chromatin

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Guides the Coiling of DNA,

Attachment site of DNA

Function of Histones

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Chromosome Copy

Kapatid

Chromatid

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Chromatids that are bound to each other by CENTROMERE

Sister Chromatids

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TRUE about somatic and sex cells?

Somatic Cells are 2n while Sex Cells are n

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47, XY +18

Male

Edwards Syndrome

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47, XY, + 21

Male

Down Sydrome ( TRISOMY 21)

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47 XXY

-extra X

Klinefelter Syndrome ( Male)

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45, XO

Kulang nang isang Sex chromosome

Turners Syndrome ( Female)

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47, XX+13

Trisomy 13

Female

Patau Syndrome

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44 XXX

( triple X Syndrome)

Female

Super woman Syndrome

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A non membrane bound organelle which is Responsible for “Protein Synthesis”

Ribosomes

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Power House of the Cell

Mitochondria

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Folds of Mitochondria

CRISTAE

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Site of Kreb Cycle /Citric Acid Cycle/ Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Mitochondria

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Basic structures of Proteins

AMINO ACIDS

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Amino acids are made up of what elements? | CHON

Carbon,Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

- Most Allerginic Drug | - First TRUE Antibiotic

Penicillin

Penicillin is Discovered by:

Alexander Fleming

Klinefelter Sydrome HX: GMT

Gynecomastia(enlarge breast) Micropenis Taurodontism( bulls teeth)

Associated with Bulls Eye Lesion SET

1. Steven Johnson Syndrome 2. Erythema Multiforme 3. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Digestive Organelle of the Cell contain enzyme called:

Lysozymes

Translates the mRNA -forms Ribosomes

rRNA (ribosomal rna)

- Carries genetic information of DNA | - End product of TRANSCRIPTION

mRNA (messenger rna)

Carries "amino acids" to the ribosomes during "TRANSlation"

tRNA (transffer RNA)

Contains Ribosomes giving it a "Rough" appearance

RER

Does not contain Ribosomes giving it a "SMOOTH" appearance

SER

Process of FAT Formation

Lipogenenesis

Formation of Steroidal Hormones

Steroid Synthesis

"PACKAGING" and modifiying the products made by the RER

Golgi Apparatus

Responsible for Programmed Cell Death "APOPTOSIS" - Packaged products of Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes

NUCLEAR CHANGES DURING APOPTOSIS Nucleus Dissolution

Kayolysis

NUCLEAR CHANGES DURING APOPTOSIS Nucleus "shrinks" =na pipi= and Chromatin Condenses

Pynknosis

NUCLEAR CHANGES DURING APOPTOSIS Fragmentation of the Nucleus

Karyorrhexis

Active ENZYME

Holoenzyme

Inactive Enzyme

Apoenzyme

They Complete the "Apoenzyme"

Co - Enzyme | Co - Factor

Contains pair of CENTRIOLES made up of microtubules arranged in "cartwheel pattern"

Centrosome

Inc Surface Area of a cell that inc its ABSORPTION property

Microvilli

Seen on the Epithelium of Stomach to Anus( Simple Columnar with Microvilli)

Microvilli

9+2 pattern or "9+0 pattern" arrangement of microtubules -common on Respiratory Epithelium and Fallopian Tube

-CILIA

Lining of Respiratory Epithelium

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated with Goblet Cells

Made up of AXONEME - longer than cilia - seen on spermcell to move organism

Flagella

What initiates flagellar activity and chemotaxis

Chemotactic Factor or Chemotactic Agent

Sperm penetrates the Egg Cell using?

Acrosome/Hyaluronic Acid

The Tail of Spermcell is made up of?

Axoneme

Longest Phase of Cellular Division

Interphase

A Cell STOPPED from dividing In which stage of cellular division?

G0 G-ZERO PHASE

Division of Somatic Cells; | Results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells( diploid cells)

Mitosis (PMAT)

Phases of MITOSIS Chromatin Coils and Condenses and Nucleolus disintegrate

Prophase

Phases of MITOSIS Chromosomes align at the EQUATOR of the cell

Metaphase

Phases of MITOSIS Chromosomes "SPLIT" /\ become chromatids. Going towards opposite poles

Anaphase

Phases of MITOSIS Cleavege furrow forms

TELOPHASE

Cytoplasm divides into TWO

Cytokinesis

Steps 1-4 (PMAT) also known as

Karyokinesis

1 flagella

Monotrichous

1 flagella on both ends

Amphitrichous

Flagella is greater than 2 in one end

Lopotrichous

Multiple Flagella Surrounding

Peritrichous

Division of Sex Cells

Meioisis

What is phenomenon wherein homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis?

SYNAPSIS Process

Sharing of DNA of 2 homologous chromosomes also known as "Crossing Over" of Chiastmata formation"

Recombination Process

Cellular Anatomy Flashcards

(70 cards)