Cellular Basis and Inheritance Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is crossing over in meiosis?
Occurs during prophase I of meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, creating recombinant chromosomes and increasing genetic diversity.
What is independent assortment?
Random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I, generating unique combinations of parental chromosomes in gametes.
In which life cycle strategy are only gametes haploid (found in animals)?
Diploid-dominant.
In which life cycle strategy is the haploid phase dominant (common in fungi and algae)?
Haploid-dominant.
Which life cycle strategy alternates between haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes (seen in plants)?
Alternation of Generations.
What happens during Meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes separate, reducing the ploidy level from diploid to haploid.
What happens during Meiosis II?
Sister chromatids separate, resulting in four haploid gametes.
What is the primary function of mitosis?
Produces two identical diploid cells for growth and repair.
What is the primary function of meiosis?
Produces four genetically diverse haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.
What is nondisjunction?
Improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis, leading to aneuploidy.
