Cellular Energy

Question 1

what is considered anabolic and why

Answer 1

photosynthesis bc it forms glucose molecules

Question 2

cellular respiration and photosynthesis are considered to be a metabolic pathway, this must mean

Answer 2

glucose is the substrate for cellular respiration

Question 3

when the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group of a molecule of ATP is broken

Answer 3

energy is released and the 3rd phosphate is free

Question 4

why is ATP considered to be one of the most important biological molecules

Answer 4

ATP provides energy

Question 5

the law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is converted into another,

Answer 5

no energy is created nor destroyed

Question 6

example of catabolic pathway

Answer 6

releasing energy while breaking down large molecules such as glucose

Question 7

according to the laws of thermodynamics

Answer 7

energy cannot be converted without the use of useable energy

Question 8

the molecules produced during photosynthesis store energy within their bonds, the energy,

Answer 8

originated from the sun, and will be released when glucose is broken down

Question 9

what is the main purpose of the calvin cycle

Answer 9

sugar production

Question 10

the transferring of chemical energy to the 3 PGA molecules is transferred through

Answer 10

ATP and NADPH molecules

Question 11

where does the light-independent phase of photosynthesis take place

Answer 11

stroma

Question 12

what gas enters the stroma to start the calvin cycle

Answer 12

carbon dioxide

Question 13

this enzyme is able to convert inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules

Answer 13

Rubisco

Question 14

what happens to the two G3P molecules that leave the calvin cycle

Answer 14

they are used to make glucose, fructose, starch and other organic molecules

Question 15

carbon fixation

Answer 15

the joining of carbon with other organic molecules

Question 16

what are the products of photosynthesis

Answer 16

oxygen and sugars

Question 17

the energy acquired in the light dependent reactions is used in the light independent reactions to build glucose molecules. How is this energy transferred from light dependent to light independent reactions

Answer 17

in the bonds of ATP and NADPH molecules

Question 18

summary of chemiosmosis

Answer 18

hydrogen atoms move down their concentration gradient out of the thylakoid into the storm through ion channels in the membrane

Question 19

what captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis

Answer 19

chlorophyll and other pigments

Question 20

the final receptor that transfers electrons to NADP+ is a protein called

Answer 20

ferrodoxin

Question 21

where do the light dependent reactions take place during photosynthesis

Answer 21

thylakoids

Question 22

infer why chloroplasts are found mostly in the leaves of plants

Answer 22

the large surface area provides for maximum light absorption

Question 23

oxygen atoms released during phase 1 of photosynthesis originated

Answer 23

from splitting of water molecules

Question 24

the stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the

Answer 24

mitochondria

Question 25

the energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen is called

Answer 25

glycolysis

Question 26

in which of these does alcoholic fermentation occur

Answer 26

yeast

Question 27

the krebs cycle is also known as

Answer 27

citric acid cycle

Question 28

what molecule is produced in glycolysis in order to start the krebs cycle

Answer 28

pyruvate

Question 29

how many ATP are gained during glycolysis

Answer 29

2

Question 30

why does each complete cycle of the krebs cycle result in two turns

Answer 30

two molecules of pyruvate were produced during glycolysis

Question 31

what two molecules are produced during the krebs cycle and used during electron transport

Answer 31

NADH and FADH

Question 32

what molecule is formed as a result of oxygen being a final receptor for an electron during electron transport

Answer 32

water

Question 33

the krebs cycle releases 6 molecules of what gas

Answer 33

carbon dioxide

Question 34

what are the raw materials for photosynthesis

Answer 34

carbon dioxide, water, energy from sun

Question 35

thylakoids

Answer 35

individual sacs formed by the inner membrane and are arranged in stacks

Question 36

what pigment is found inside a thylakoid

Answer 36

chlorophyll (green)

Question 37

accessory pigments

Answer 37

other pigments that trap sunlight and are red orange yellow and brown

Question 38

what cell process occurs in the mitochondria

Answer 38

aerobic cellular respiration

Question 39

why do some cells have more mitochondria

Answer 39

more active=more mitochondria

Question 40

what simple sugar is broken down in mitchondria

Answer 40

glucose

Question 41

where is the energy stored in glucose

Answer 41

chemical bonds

Question 42

aerobic process

Answer 42

requires oxygen

Question 43

what energy is released when the chemical bonds of glucose are broken

Answer 43

ATP

Question 44

why is the inner mitochondrial membrane folded

Answer 44

in order to increase surface area

Question 45

what three main things make up an ATP molecule

Answer 45

nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugar, 3 phosphate groups

Question 46

how many high energy bonds does ATP contain

Answer 46

1

Question 47

where are the high energy bonds found in ATP

Answer 47

between the last two phosphate groups

Question 48

when ATP loses a phosphate group ______ is released for cells and a molecule of ____ forms

Answer 48

1 - energy; 2 - ADP

Question 49

what product of photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration

Answer 49

glucose