Cellular Respiration Flashcards
(64 cards)
When an electron is transferred from one molecule to another, what happened to the potential energy of the molecules?
Loss in the potential energy of the first molecule and gain in the potential energy of the second molecules.
What are the electron carriers in living systems ?
NAD FAD and NADP
Oxidized form of NAD= NAD+
Reduced form of NAD= NADH
Oxidized form of FAD= FAD+
Reduced form of FAD= FADH2
OxidizedformofNADP=NADP+
Reduced form of NADP= NADPH
These electron carrier molecules can easily be oxidized of
reduced
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration interdependent?
The photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interdependent.
The products of photosynthesis, carbohydrates and oxygen are used in cellular respiration. Likewise, the byproducts of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is used during photosynthesis.
Where does glycolysis occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Does glycolysis use oxygen?
No. Glycolysis does not use ATP and it is anaerobic.
What is the only source of energy in RBCs?
Glycolysis is the only source of ATP in RBCs. Bcuz they are not capable of aerobic respiration. When glycolysis is interrupted, these cells cannot maintain sodium potassium pump and eventually, they die.
What gas does cellular respiration use and what gas does it produce ?
It uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
How does glucose enter into the cell ?
By secondary active transport or glucose transporter GLUT.
What are the by products of glycolysis?
Pyruvate , 4 ATP ( 2 ATP net) and 2 NADH
What is the purpose of 1st step of glycolysis, phosphorylating glucose molecules?
To prevent the glucose from leaving the cell via GLUT transporters. The negatively charged phosphate group does not interact with the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane.
where does CAC occur?
Occurs in cytoplasm in prokaryotes but occur in the mitochondria matrix in eukaryotes.
What are the by products of CAC?
One ATP or GTP, three NADH and one FADH2
Where does the enzymes that catalyzes the reduction of FAD to FADH2 present?
In the inner membrane of the mitochondria so they can transfer the electrons from FADH2 into electron transport chain directly.
What is the oxidation of pyruvate and where does it occur?
Prior to the CAC, pyruvate from glycolysis are oxidized into acetyl CoA by reducing the NAD+ to NADH It occurs in the mitochondria matrix in eukaryotes and cytoplasm in the prokaryotes.
Why is CAC a closed loop cycle?
The end product of CAC,malate is used to reform oxaloacetate after reaction.
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
It takes place in the inner mitochondria membrane or cristae.
How many complexes are there in the electron transport chain?
4 complexes- 1, 2 , 3 and 4.
Where is electron transport chain located in prokaryotes?
Located in the plasma membrane
What is complex 1 made of?
FMN ( flavin mono nucleotide) and FeS containing protein.
FMN is the prosthetic groups of the complex 1.
Where does complex 2 accept electrons and where does it transfer its electrons to?
It accepts electrons from FADH2 and it sends its electrons to the ubiquinone (Q).
From which complexes does uniquinone accept electrons from?
From complex 1 and 2.
What is the difference between ubiquinone and cytochrome c?
Uniquinone can accept pairs of electrons at a time but cytochrome c can only accept an electron at a time.
What is complex 3 made of?
cytochrome b, FeS containing protein and cytochrome c.
cytochromes contain heme groups as their prosthetic group which can carry electrons instead of oxygen as in haemoglobin.
What is complex 4 made of?
Cytochrome c , cytochrome a, cytochrome a3.
Cytochrome a, a3 contains heme groups and cytochrome a3 have a pair of CuA and one CuB molecules.
They hold the atmospheric oxygen very tightly between heme and Cu molecules until it becomes fully reduced.
