Lipids Flashcards by Yun Yadi

Lipids are _____

esters formed by acids and alcohol

They are not true polymers

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Types of Lipids

1)Triglycerides (Fats and oils)
2)Phospholipids
3)Steroids
4)Prostagladin

Fat soluble vitamins are also lipids(vit A,D,E,K and carotenoid)

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What is difference b/w fat and oil?

Fats-solid at room temperature
Oil-liquid at room temperature

They are very similar in structure (triglycerides)

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Triglycerides contains _____ and _____

glycerol(alcohol)

3 fatty acids(acid)

glycerolမှာOH gpသုံးခုပါတော့ COOH goသုံးခုနဲ့ပေါင်းနိုင်(ester bond သုံးခုဖြစ်)

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What is fatty acid?

Carboxylic acid containing CARBOXYL GP(-COOH) and with 16-18 hydrocarbon tail

carboxyl gp-polar
hydrocarbon tail-non polar

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Types of fatty acid

1)Saturated fatty acid-no double bond in hydrocarbon chain

2)Unsaturated fatty acid-double bond in hydrocarbon chain
-monounsaturated:one double bond
-polyunsaturated:many double bond

3)Hydrogenated fatty acid-adding hydrogen into unsaturated fatty acid to produces saturated fatty acid

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How fat is formed?

by condensation reaction

OH gp of Glycerol and COOH gp of acid linked by ESTER BOND (removal of water)

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What are saturated fat?

Glycerol+ saturated fatty acid

eg.animal fats (solid at room temp)

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What are unsaturated fat?

glycerol+ unsaturated fatty acid

eg.plant and fish fats( liquid at room temperature)

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Triglycerides are insoluble in ____ and soluble in _____

water(polar)
non polar solvents

glycerol ကhydrophilicဖြစ်ပေမဲ့ fatty acidကoverall hydrophobicမလို့

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Function of triglycerides

energy storage for long term(in adipose and muscle cells)

Triglycerides-anhydrous & highly reduced molecules (ဖြိုခွဲရင်energyအများကြီးထွက်)

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d/s caused by eating diet with many saturated fats

CVS d/s (atherosclerosis)

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d/s causing eating with diet of trans fat(hydrogenated)

coronary disease

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Phospholipids contain____,_____,_____ and ______

Glycerol (polar)
2 fatty acid (nonpolar)
Phosphate gp (polar)
Alcohol gp (polar)

Overall negative charged

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Why phospholipids are amphipathic molecules?

They contain hydrophobic tail(glycerol+fatty acid) but hydrophilic head (phosphate gp)

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In aqueous,phospholipids act as _____

lipid bilayer
-hydrophilic head outside
-hydrophilic tail inside

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Function of phospholipids

major part of cell membrane (semipermeable)

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How fats are digested?

b/c they are insoluble and can’t be absorbed by small intestine.in order to digest fat
1)bile salts from liver emulsified fat
2)Lipase from small intestine breakdown triglycerides into monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids

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Steroids contain_____ attached to _____

four fused rings(hydrocarbonမလို့ hydrophobic)

OH gp(hydrophilic)

Many steroids are binds to alcohol and formed STEROL

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Example and functions of steroid

Cholesterol
-part of the cell membrane
-precursor for other steroids,bile salts and vit D

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Cholesterol are synthesized in ____ and also obtained from diet

liver

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Diet with high lvl of cholesterol can cause ____

atherosclerosis

Prostaglandin are derived from____

unsaturated fatty acid (20C in 5 ring)

Function of prostaglandin

enhancing immune system and inflammatory system

Types of phospholipids

1)Phosphoglycerides 2)Sphingolipids

Phosphoglyceride contains______ as backbone

glycerol alcohol

Sphingolipids contain _____ as backbone

sphingosine alcohol (more complex primary alcohol)

Phosphoglycerides contain ______ ,______ and ________

glycerol backbone 2 fatty acids phosphate gp C1 and C2 are attached to F/A and C3 is linked with phosphate gp

simplest phosphoglyceride is ______

phosphotidate (less common) C3 binds to Oxygen which is attached to phosphate (unmodified phosphate gp)

Modified phosphate gp are _____,______ and _____

choline serine inositol

What is the most common phosphoglycerides in cell membrane?

Phosphotidylcholine (phosphtidate+ choline)

Double bond in unsaturated fatty acid are ____

cis bond -2 gps attached to the carbon are same side of the double bond

Hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid can get the fatty acid with_____ forms and _____

saturated fatty acid unsaturated fatty acid with trans bond (2 gps attached to the carbon are at the opposite site of the double bond)

Sphingolipid contains_____ as backbone

sphingosine alcohol

Sphingolipid contains ______ and _____ gp

sphingosine alcohol as backbone fatty acids attached to backbone by AMIDE BOND primary alcohol attached to phosphate gp by ESTER BOND

sphingolipids are common in _____

membrane of nerve cells(sphingomyelin)

What are animal steroids?

1)Aldosterone 2)Cortisol 3)Progesterone 4)Estrogen 5)Testosterone

Structure of triacyglycerol

One glycerol+ 3 fatty acids

Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Non-polar hydrocarbon chain ——> lipids are hydrophobic

What reaction involves in formation of TAG?

Dehydration synthesis reaction or condensation reaction

What are the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Saturated f/a No double bonds As many hydrogen atoms as possible Tightly packed, solid at RT Unsaturated f/a One or more double bonds 1 double bond- reduce two hydrogen atoms Cis and trans form Cis acid-contain a kink- liquid at RT Trans acid- no kink- solid

What kinds of lipids below are bad for health? 1. Trans 2. Cis 3. Saturated

1 and 3 they are packly tight and solid at room temp.

Can cis acid be transformed to trans acid?

Yes. By partial hydrogenation. Partial hydrogenation occurs in digestive tract of animals such as cows. Therefore- fat in meat are trans fat

How are fatty acid classified according to the type of bonds?

Monounsatured and polyunsaturated fatty acids In poly unsaturated fatty acids, the double bonds are counted from the omega end of the fatty acid (methyl end)

What are essential fatty acid?

Nutritionally important for the body and cannot be synthesized in the body Esssential fatty acids are omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids Omega3-ALA,DHA,EPA Omega 6-linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid

Is omega 9 mono or polyunsaturated fatty acid?

Monounsaturated fatty acid Eg Oleic acid THEY ARE NOT ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

According to the length of the fatty acid, how are they classified?

Short chain fatty acid- 3 to5 carbon atoms Medium chain fatty acid- 6 to 12 carbon atoms Long chain fatty acid-more than 13 carbon atoms

Phospholipids structure

Phosphate+glycerol+2 fatty acids R group attached to phosphate group Eg. Phosphoditylcholine and phosphotidyl serine are common PL in plasma membrane.

Is phospholipid soluble in water?

They have amphipathic property both water loving and water hating because phosphate-polar, fatty acid chain-non polar

Steroid structure

Four carbon rings ( 3 of them- 6 carbon ring+1 of the carbon ring- 5 carbon) and contain an OH group because they are sterols (alcohols)

The most common steroid

Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the precursor of sex hormones(estradiol and testosterone) Vitamin D And bile salts for emulsification of fat)

Name what types of lipids are they? Palmitic acid stearic acid, Oleic acid , arachidonic acid

Palmitic acid-saturated Stearic acid-saturated Oleic acid- monounsaturated acid Arachidonic acid-polyunsaturated

Are steroids soluble in water?

No. They are lipids