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IMAT Biology > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a coenzyme?

A

It is a small, organic, non-protein, carrier molecule that holds onto useful components (chemical group) of an enzyme catalyzed reaction, and thus making it required for enzyme activity.

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2
Q

What is NAD’s long form name?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

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3
Q

True or false: FAD positive is an electron carrier

A

False: FAD doesn’t have a positive charge.

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4
Q

What does NAD positive carry?

A

Electron

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5
Q

What is FAD’s long form name?

A

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

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6
Q

What does FAD turn into when it is reduced?

A

FADH2

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7
Q

What does FADH2 turn into when it is oxidized?

A

FAD, two hydrogen positive ions, and two electrons

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8
Q
A

B

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9
Q
A

B

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10
Q

Is glucose oxidized or reduced in respiration?

A

Oxidized

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11
Q

What are the steps of cellular respiration?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation
  3. Krebs cycle (or) Citric acid cycle (or) Tricarboxylic acid cycle
  4. Oxidative phosphorylation (or) electron transport chain
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12
Q

Inputs and outputs of glycolysis

A

Input: 2ATP, 1Glucose molecule
Output: 2ATP (net), 2NADH, 2 Pyruvate

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13
Q

Other names of G3P

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate’s other names are (PGAL) Phosphoglyceraldehyde, Triose phosphate, or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde.

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14
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytosol

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15
Q

Where does pyruvate decarboxylation occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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16
Q

Input and output of pyruvate decarboxylation

A

Input: 2 Pyruvate
Output: 2x CO2, 2x NADH, 2x Acetyl CoA

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17
Q

In which step of cellular respiration, is the major of the carbon dioxide produced?

A

Krebs cycle

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18
Q

Each molecule of Acetyl CoA produces _______ NADH molecules, ______ FADH2 molecules, ______ ATP molecules, and _______ CO2 molecules from KREBs cycle.

A
  1. 3x NADH
  2. 1x FADH2
  3. 2x CO2
  4. 1x ATP (GTP is precursor for ATP)
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19
Q

Each molecule of glucose produces _______ NADH molecules, ______ FADH2 molecules, ______ ATP molecules, and _______ CO2 molecules from Krebs cycle.

A
  1. 6x NADH
  2. 2x FADH2
  3. 2x ATP (GTP is the precursor)
  4. 4x CO2
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20
Q

Where does KREBs cycle occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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21
Q

From which area to which area does the electron transport chain pumps protons?

A

Mitochondrial matrix to inter-membrane space

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22
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

A

Inner membrane

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23
Q

Input and output of oxidative phosphorylation

A

Input: 10x NADH, and 2x FADH2
Output: 10x NAD positive, 2x FAD, 6x water molecules, and 34 ATP (NADH produces 3ATP, and FADH2 produces 2ATP)

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24
Q

True or false: Electron transport chain is not the only step of cellular respiration where water is produced.

A

False: Water is produced only from the electron transport chain.

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25
Cellular respiration produces
1. 38 ATP - 34 from ETC - 2 from glycolysis - 2 from TCA cycle 2. 6x water molecules - all from ETC 3. 6x CO2 - 2 from pyruvate decarboxylation - 4 from TCA cycle
26
Where is water produced in the electron transport chain?
Complex four
27
Glycolysis is a ______ (how many) steps process.
10
28
Detailed glycolysis
29
Which enzymes converts glucose into glucose-6-phosphate?
Glucokinase
30
Which enzyme converts glucose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate?
Isomerase
31
Which enzymes converts fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
Phosphofructokinase
32
Which enzymes breaks down Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into G3P and DHAP?
Aldolase
33
What molecule is G3P converted into during glycolysis and what are the by-products?
1,3- bisphosphoglycerate 2NADH are by-products
34
What is 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate converted into, and what are the by-products?
It is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate and 1ATP molecule is produced per one molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. One glucose molecule yields two 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate so two ATP molecules are produced.
35
What happens after 3-phosphoglycerate is converted into 2-phosphoglycerate?
2-phosphoglycerate is converted into phosphoenolpyruvate.
36
What happens after 2-phosphoglycerate is converted into phosphoenolpyruvate during glycolysis?
Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted into pyruvate and one ATP molecule is produced. This step occurs twice per glycolysis.
37
First phase of glycolysis
38
Second phase of glycolysis
39
Net reaction of glycolysis
Glucose + 2x ADP + 2x Pi + 2x NAD positive = 2x pyruvate + 2x ATP + 2x NADH
40
What is the name of complex-1 in the ETC?
NADH Dehydrogenase
41
To which complex, does NADH donates its electrons to?
Complex 1 (NADH Dehydrogenase)
42
At complex 1, NADH is ________
Oxidized
43
Electrons from complex 1 is transferred to _______
Coenzyme Q (or) Ubiquinone
44
Can complex 1 pump protons ?
Yes
45
FADH2 donates its electrons to ______
Electrons
46
Ubiquonone receives electrons from ______
Complex 1 and complex 2
47
Ubiquinone passes the electrons to ______
Complex 3
48
Complex 3 pass electrons to ______
Cytochrome C
49
Can complex 3 pumps protons?
Yes
50
Cytochrome C passes electrons to _______
Complex-4
51
Complex 4 passes the electron to ______
Oxygen
52
Complex 4 reduces ______ to produce ______
1. Oxygen 2. Water
53
Electron flow in ETC
NADH >> Complex 1 >>> Ubiquinone >>> complex 3 >>> cytochrome c >>> complex 4 >>>> oxygen FADH2 >> Complex 2 ^^^^
54
ATP synthase turns ______ into _____ by using the energy from the ________
1. ADP and Pi 2. ATP 3. Proton gradient
55
The process of using the proton gradient to produce ATP
Chemiosmosis
56
Fermentation’s function
Fermentation regenerates the coenzyme NAD positive which is required for glycolysis to continue.
57
Alcohol fermentation basic procedure, Input and out put
Pyruvate >>> Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde (acts as electron acceptor) and is reduced into ethanol, which oxidizes NADH back into the NAD positive form. Input : 2x Pyruvate, 2x NADH Output: 2x Ethanol, 2x CO2, 2x NAD+
58
Lactic acid fermentation basic procedure, input, and output
Pyruvate accepts electrons, and it is reduced into lactate (lactic acid), which oxidizes NADH into NAD+. Input: 2x pyruvate, 2x NADH Output: 2x lactate, 2x NAD+
59
Fermentation takes place in the ________
Cytosol
60
How many water molecules are being produced at ETC?
6 molecules of water per glucose molecule
61
Where is water produced in the process of cellular respiration?
Complex 4 of the ETC

IMAT Biology (10 decks)

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