Cellular Transport

Question 0

Turgor pressure

Answer 0

The pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell

Question 1

Plasmolysis

Answer 1

The contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

The diffusion of a fluid, such as water, across a membrane to equalize the concentrations of solutions on either side of the membrane

Question 3

Pinocytosis

Answer 3

the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm.

Question 4

Cytolysis

Answer 4

the dissolution or degeneration of cells.

Question 5

Endocytosis

Answer 5

Process by which a cell membrane engulfs particles or molecules outside the cell and pinches around it to form a vesicle that carries material into the cell

Question 6

Exocytosis

Answer 6

The process by which a vesicle transports particles or molecules from within the cell to the cell membrane, where it fuses with the membrane and deposits its contents outside the cell

Question 7

Carrier protein

Answer 7

Protein that transports substances across a cell membrane

Question 8

Passive transport

Answer 8

The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

To move or the movement of substances down a concentration gradient from higher to lower concentration

Question 10

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 10

Movement of a substance from higher to lower concentration through a protein channel, without the need for input of energy

Question 11

Ion channel

Answer 11

Pore forming membrane proteins

Question 12

Concentration gradient

Answer 12

the gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution between a region of high density and one of lower density.

Question 13

Hypertonic

Answer 13

Physical Chemistry . noting a solution of higher osmotic pressure than another solution with which it is compared ( hypotonic). Compare isotonic

Question 14

Hypotonic

Answer 14

Physical Chemistry . noting a solution of lower osmotic pressure than another solution with which it is compared ( hypertonic). Compare isotonic

Question 15

Equilibrium

Answer 15

a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces.

Question 16

Isotonic

Answer 16

Physical Chemistry . noting or pertaining to solutions characterized by equal osmotic pressure. Compare hypertonic ( def 2 ), hypotonic ( def 2 ).

Question 17

Contractile vacuole

Answer 17

a membrane-enveloped cellular organelle, found in many microorganisms, that periodically expands, filling with water, and then contracts, expelling its contents to the cell exterior: thought to be important in maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium.

Question 18

Phagocyte

Answer 18

noun Cell Biology

any cell, as a macrophage, that ingests and destroys foreign particles, bacteria, and cell debris.

Question 19

Active transport

Answer 19

the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy.

Question 20

Vesicle

Answer 20

Biology . a small bladderlike cavity, especially one filled with fluid.

Question 21

Phagocytosis

Answer 21

the ingestion of a smaller cell or cell fragment, a microorganism, or foreign particles by means of the local infolding of a cell’s membrane and the protrusion of its cytoplasm around the fold until the material has been surrounded and engulfed by closure of the membrane and formation of a vacuole: characteristic of amebas and some types of white blood cells.

Question 22

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 22

The sodium potassium pump regulates levels of sodium inside the cell, which can then in turn affect the transport of glucose by sodium-glucose symport proteins.

The sodium potassium pump can bring potassium into the cell and export sodium, lowering intracellular concentrations and making the sodium gradient steeper.

The energy from this gradient is then used to couple the transport of sodium to the import of glucose into the cell against its own concentration gradient.