DNA and RNA Flashcards
Protein synthesis
Process by which all cells use their genetic code to produce proteins. Transcription and translation
Replication
Making a copy
Codon
In DNA, a three nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid
Translation
Takes place at ribosomes, uses the codons in mRNA to specify the sequence of amino acids
Transcription
Takes place in nucleus.Forming a nuclei acid by using another molecule as a template.
Promoter
Initiates transcription of a particular gene
Termination signal
Specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene
Anticodon
a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.
Introns
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
Exons
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.
Operator
A segment of DNA where the repressor binds to, thereby preventing the transcription of certain genes.
Mutation
the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
Mutagen
an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation
Point mutation
a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.
Substitution
Mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide
Frameshift
Results in a misreading of a code
Insertion
One or more nucleotides are added to a gene
Deletion
One or more nucleotides are deleted from a gene
Universal code
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells. …
DNA
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
Double helix
a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, esp. that in the structure of the DNA molecule.
Thymine
One of the DNA bases
Deoxyribose
a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.
Hydrogen bond
a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
