Central Nervous System Flashcards
(378 cards)
1
Q
the outer layer of the brain
A
cortex
2
Q
the folds of brain in the cortex
A
gyrus (gyri)
3
Q
spaces between gyri and folia
A
sulcus (sulci)
4
Q
spaces separating large regions
A
fissure
5
Q
brain region separated by fissures or sulci
A
lobe
6
Q
CNS region with myelinated axons
A
white matter
7
Q
CNS region with neuronal cell bodies
A
gray matter
8
Q
bundle of axons within the CNS
A
fiber tract
9
Q
bundle of axons outside the CNS
A
nerve
10
Q
network of nerves outside the CNS
A
plexus
11
Q
neuronal cell body clusters within the CNS
A
nucleus
12
Q
neuronal cell body clusters outside of the CNS
A
ganglion
13
Q
What is 1?
A
precentral gyrus
14
Q
What is 2?
A
postcentral gyrus
15
Q
What is 3?
A
central sulcus
16
Q
What is 4?
A
lateral sulcus
17
Q
What is 5?
A
parieto-occipital sulcus
18
Q
What is 6?
A
longitudinal fissure
19
Q
What is 7?
A
transverse fissure
20
Q
What is 8?
A
frontal lobe
21
Q
What is 9?
A
parietal lobe
22
Q
What is 10?
A
temporal lobe
23
Q
What is 11?
A
occipital lobe
24
Q
What is 1?
A
corpus callosum
25
What is 2?
anterior commissure
26
What is 3?
fornix
27
What is 4?
lateral ventricle
28
What is 5?
choroid plexus
29
What is 6?
septum pellucidum
30
What is 7?
olfactory bulb
31
What is 8?
olfactory tract
32
What is 1?
caudate nucleus
33
What is 2?
putamen
34
What is 3?
globus pallidus
35
What is 1?
caudate nucleus
36
What is 4?
substantia nigra
37
What is 5?
subthalamic nuclei
38
What is 6?
hippocampus
39
What is 7?
amygdala
40
What is 8?
cingulate gyrus
41
What is 9?
mammillary bodies
42
What is 1?
caudate nucleus
43
What is 1?
caudate nucleus
44
What is 2?
putamen
45
What is 7?
amygdala
46
What is 4?
substantia nigra
47
What is 5?
subthalamic nuclei
48
What is 1?
thalamus
49
What is 2?
optic nerve
50
What is 3?
optic chiasm
51
What is 4?
optic tract
52
What is 5?
interthalamic adhesion
53
What is 6?
cerebral aqueduct
54
What is 7?
third ventricle
55
What is 8?
choroid plexus
56
What is 9?
infundibulum
57
What is 10?
pituitary gland
58
What is 11?
pineal gland
59
What is 1?
cerebral peduncle
60
What is 2?
crus cerebri
61
What is 3?
tegmentum
62
What is 4?
cerebral aqueduct
63
What is 5?
superior colliculus
64
What is 6?
inferior colliculus
65
What is 7?
fourth ventricle
66
What is 8?
middle cerebellar peduncles
67
What is 9?
pyramids
68
What is 10?
olive
69
what structures make up the cerebral cortex?
precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, central sulcus, lateral sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus, insular cortex
70
function of precentral gyrus
site of primary motor cortex, planning and execution of movement
71
function of postcentral gyrus
site of the primary somatosensory cortex, sense of touch
72
function of parieto-occipital sulcus
sulcus separating the occipital lobes from the parietal lobes
73
function of insular cortex
diverse functions including consciousness, taste, visceral sensation, empathy and self-awareness
74
function of frontal lobe
plan, initiate, enact movement including eye movement and speech, reasoning, projecting consequences
75
function of parietal lobes
sensory stimuli processing including comprehension of speech and spatial awareness
76
function of temporal lobes
encoding long term memory, language recognition and comprehension, facial recognition
77
function of occipital lobes
primary visual cortex
78
what is the corpus callosum?
commissural fibers between cerebral hemispheres
79
what is the anterior commissure?
commissural fibers between temporal lobes
80
what is the fornix?
commissural efferent fibers from the hippocampus
81
what is the internal capsule?
projection fibers including corticospinal fibers from cortex to motor neurons
82
what is the external capsule?
association fibers within the cerebral cortex
83
what is the choroid plexus?
capillaries and modified ependymal cells within ventricles that produce CSF
84
what are the basal ganglia?
interconnected subcortical nuclei that deal with action selection and decision making
85
putamen & globus pallidus
lentiform nucleus
86
lentiform nucleus & caudate nucleus
striatum
87
striatum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nuclei
basal ganglia
88
function of striatum
reward, motivation, inhibitory control, impulsivity
89
function of caudate nucleus
integration of spatial awareness and motor behavior, spatial working memory
90
function of putamen
planning, learning and executing motor skills, setting movement amplitudes and planning sequences
91
function of globus pallidus
subconscious movement, balancing excitatory output from cerebellum to smooth movement
92
function of substantia nigra
motor control, motor planning, reward-seeking, addition, anatomically part of midbrain
93
function of subthalamic nuclei
action selection and impulsivity (poorly understood), anatomically part of diencephalon
94
function of limbic system structures
deals with emotion, motivation, behavior, memory, olfaction, exact composition controversial
95
function of hippocampus
consolidating short term memory to long term memory
96
function of amygdala
emotional responses, memory processing, decision making
97
function of cingulate gyrus
emotion processing, linking outcomes to behavior
98
function of mamillary bodies
episodic (event & experiential) memory, anatomically part of the hypothalamus
99
function of hypothalamic nuclei
regulation of endocrine system, i.e. metabolism, reproduction, stress, etc.
100
structures of thalamus
optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tract, interthalamic adhesion, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, choroid plexus
101
function of optic nerves
visual afferents from retina
102
function of optic chiasm
sorting of left/right visual information
103
function of optic tract
projecting visual information to visual centers, e.g. superior colliculi
104
function of pituitary gland
hormonal control of growth, blood pressure, energy, reproductive function, stress, salt balance
105
function of pineal gland
circadian rhythm and melatonin production
106
function of posterior commissure
mediates bilateral pupillary reflex, poorly mapped connections
107
pineal gland & posterior commissure
epithalamus
108
structures of the diencephalon
thalamus, subthalamic nuclei, hypothalamus, epithalamus
109
structures of brain stem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblangata
110
function of superior colliculus
spatially directed movements, e.g. eye and head movements
111
function of inferior colliculus
sound processing, startle response, spatial localization of sound
112
function of pons
respiration, sleep, hearing, equilibrium, taste, chewing, swallowing, involuntary movement, facial expressions
113
function of middle cerebellar peduncles
fibers connecting the cerebellum to the pons
114
function of medulla oblongata
autonomic regulation of breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
115
function of pyramids
decussation (crossing over) over pyramidal neurons from motor cortex
116
function of olive
sound localization, assist cerebellum with motor learning
117
What is 1?
frontal lobe
118
What is 2?
precentral gyrus
119
What is 3?
central sulcus
120
What is 4?
postcentral gyrus
121
What is 5?
longitudinal fissure
122
What is 6?
precentral gyrus
123
What is 7?
postcentral gyrus
124
What is 8?
parietal lobe
125
What is 9?
occipital lobe
126
What is 1?
precentral gyrus
127
What is 2?
central sulcus
128
What is 3?
postcentral gyrus
129
What is 4?
lateral sulcus
130
What is 5?
precentral gyrus
131
What is 1?
corpora quadrigemina
132
What is 2?
parieto-occipital sulcus
133
What is 3?
medulla oblongata
134
What is 4?
fornix
135
What is 5?
interthalamic adhesion
136
What is 6?
corpus callosum
137
What is 7?
interventricular foramen (56)
138
What is 8?
anterior commissure
139
What is 9?
hypothalamus
140
What is 10?
optic chiasm
141
What is 11?
septum pellucidum
142
What is 12?
thalamus
143
What is 13?
fornix
144
What is 14? (55)
choroid plexus (55)
145
What is 15? (14)
pineal gland (14)
146
What is 16?
patieto-occipital sulcus
147
What is 17? (the canal)
cerebral aqueduct
148
What is 18? (white pattern)
arbor vitae
149
What is 19?
pons
150
What is 1?
arbor vitae
151
What is 2?
vermis
152
What is 3?
fourth ventricle
153
What is 4?
folia
154
What is 5?
sulci
155
What is 6?
middle cerebellar peduncle
156
What is 1?
superior sagittal sinus
157
What is 2?
straight sinus
158
What is 3?
transverse sinus
159
What is 4?
tentorium cerebelli
160
What is 5?
inferior sagittal sinus
161
What is 6?
falx cerebri
162
What is 1?
superior sagittal sinus
163
What is 2?
falx cerebri
164
What is 3?
frontal lobe
165
What is 4?
parietal lobe
166
What is 5?
occipital lobe
167
What is 6?
superior sagittal sinus
168
What is 3?
anterior cerebral arteries
169
What is 4?
corpus callosum
170
What is 5?
lateral ventricles
171
What is 6?
caudate nucleus
172
What is 7?
septum pellucidum
173
What is 8?
choroid plexus
174
What is 9?
corpus callosum
175
What is 10?
inferior sagittal sinus
176
What is 11?
falx cerebri in longitudinal fissure
177
What is 5?
caudate nucleus
178
What is 6?
internal capsule
179
What is 7?
external capsule
180
What is 8?
lateral ventricle
181
What is 9?
septum pellucidum
182
What is 10?
putamen
183
What is 11?
globus pallidus
184
What is 12?
thalamus
185
What is 13?
insular cortex
186
What is 14?
fornix
187
What is 15?
choroid plexus
188
What is 16?
lateral ventricle
189
What is 1?
frontal sinuses
190
What is 6?
caudate nucleus
191
What is 12?
thalamus
192
What is 13?
pineal gland
193
What is 14?
fornix
194
What is 2?
orbit with adipose tissue
195
What is 3?
superior rectus
196
What is 4?
frontal lobe
197
What is 5?
anterior cerebral arteries
198
What is 6?
optic chiasm
199
What is 7?
middle cerebral artery
200
What is 8?
optic tract
201
What is 9?
pituitary gland
202
What is 10?
mamillary body
203
What is 11?
crus cerebri
204
What is 12?
midbrain tegmentum (substantia nigra and red nucleus)
205
What is 13?
cerebral aqueduct
206
What is 14?
vermis
207
What is 15?
lateral ventricle
208
What is 16?
straight sinus
209
What is 17?
falx cerebri
210
What is 18?
superior sagittal sinus
211
What is 1?
cornea
212
What is 2?
lens
213
What compartment is 3?
posterior segment
214
What is 4?
lateral rectus
215
What is 5?
optic nerve
216
What is 6?
medial rectus
217
What is 7?
ethmoid sinuses
218
What is 8?
sphenoid sinuses
219
What is 9?
internal carotid artery
220
What is 10?
oculomotor nerve
221
What is 11?
pituitary gland
222
What is 12?
basilar artery
223
What is 13?
pons
224
What is 14?
cerebral aqueduct
225
What is 15?
vermis
226
What is 16?
straight sinus
227
What is 17?
falx cerebri
228
What is 18?
superior sagittal sinus
229
What is 19?
temporal lobe
230
What is 20?
occipital lobe
231
What is 5?
sphenoid sinuses
232
What is 6?
temporal lobe
233
What is 7?
internal carotid artery
234
What is 8?
trigeminal nerve
235
What is 9?
basilar artery
236
What is 10?
pons
237
What is 11?
sigmoid sinus
238
What is 12?
vermis
239
What is 13?
right cerebellar hemisphere
240
What is 14?
transverse sinus
241
What is 15?
confluence of the sinuses
242
What is 4?
temporal lobe
243
What is 5?
internal carotid artery
244
What is 6?
basilar artery
245
What is 12?
pons
246
What is 13?
fourth ventricle
247
What is 8?
internal carotid arteries
248
What is 10?
external acoustic meatus
249
What is 13?
medulla oblongata
250
What is 12?
middle cerebellar peduncle
251
What is 1?
insular cortex
252
What is 2?
trigeminal nerve
253
What is 3?
optic nerve
254
What is 4?
vestibulocochlear nerve
255
What is 5?
facial nerve
256
What is 6?
abducens nerve
257
What is 7?
hypoglossal nerve
258
What is 8?
pyramids
259
What is 9?
spinal accessory nerve
260
What is 10?
crus cerebri (16) of cerebral peduncle (III)
261
What is 11?
trochlear nerve
262
What is 12?
middle cerebellar peduncle
263
What is 13?
glossopharyngeal nerve
264
What is 14?
vagus nerve
265
What is 15?
olive
266
What is 16?
optic tract
267
What is 17?
middle cerebral artery
268
What is 18?
internal carotid artery
269
What is 19?
basal ganglia
270
What is 1?
pituitary gland
271
What is 2?
internal carotid artery
272
What is 3?
posterior communicating artery
273
What is 30?
ophthalmic nerve
274
What is 31?
maxillary nerve
275
What is 32?
mandibular nerve
276
What is 4?
trigeminal nerve
277
What is 5?
superior cerebellar artery
278
What is 6?
labyrinthine artery
279
What is 7?
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
280
What is 8?
basilar artery
281
What is 9?
spinal accessory nerve
282
What is 10?
hypoglossal nerve
283
What is 11?
posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
284
What is 12?
olfactory bulb
285
What is 13?
olfactory tract
286
What is 14?
optic nerve
287
What is 15?
oculomotor nerve
288
What is 16?
posterior cerebral artery
289
What is 17?
trochlear nerve
290
What is 18?
abducens nerve
291
What is 19?
vestibulocochlear nerve
292
What is 20?
facial nerve
293
What is 21?
vagus nerve
294
What is 22?
glossopharyngeal nerve
295
What is 23?
vertebral artery
296
What is 24?
anterior spinal artery
297
What is 1?
cerebellar hemisphere
298
What is 2?
vermis
299
What is 3?
transverse fissure
300
What is 4?
folia
301
What is 5?
sulci
302
What is 6?
arbor vitae
303
What is 7?
middle cerebellar peduncle
304
What is 8?
fourth ventricle
305
What is 9?
median aperture
306
What is 10?
lateral aperture
307
What is 11?
central canal
308
What is 1?
cervical enlargement
309
What is 2?
lumbar enlargement
310
What is 3?
conus medullaris
311
What is 4?
film terminale
312
What is 5?
cauda equina
313
What is 6?
denticulate ligaments
314
What is 1?
dorsal root
315
What is 2?
ventral root
316
What is 3?
dorsal rootlets
317
What is 4?
ventral rootlets
318
What is 5?
dorsal root ganglion
319
What is 6?
spinal nerve
320
What is 1?
dorsal root
321
What is 2?
dorsal root ganglion
322
What is 3?
ventral root
323
What is 4?
posterior column (funiculus)
324
What is 5?
lateral column (funiculus)
325
What is 6?
anterior column (funiculus)
326
What is 7?
anterior median fissure
327
What is 8?
ventral horn
328
What is 9?
lateral horn
329
What is 10?
dorsal horn
330
What is 11?
central canal
331
What is 12?
spinal nerve
332
What is 13?
gray commissure
333
What is 14?
posterior median sulcus
334
What is 1?
periosteal layer (of dura mater)
335
What is 2?
meningeal layer (of dura mater)
336
What is 5?
arachnoid mater
337
What is 3?
falx cerebri
338
What is 4?
tentorium cerebelli
339
What is 6?
subarachnoid space
340
What is 7?
pia mater
341
What is 1?
superior sagittal sinus
342
What is 2?
inferior sagittal sinus
343
What is 3?
straight sinus
344
What is 4?
confluence of the sinuses
345
What is 5?
transverse sinus
346
What is 6?
sigmoid sinus
347
What is 1?
vertebral artery
348
What is 2?
anterior spinal artery
349
What is 3?
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
350
What is 4?
posterior spinal artery
351
What is 5?
basilar artery
352
What is 6?
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
353
What is 7?
labyrinthine artery
354
What is 8?
pontine arteries
355
What is 9?
superior cerebellar artery
356
What is 10?
posterior cerebral artery
357
What is 11?
internal carotid artery
358
What is 12?
posterior communicating artery
359
What is 13?
middle cerebral artery
360
What is 14?
anterior cerebral artery
361
What is 15?
anterior communicating artery
362
function of the cerebellum
smooth movements, helps resolve differences between planned movement with current body position
363
What route does CSF take to get to the subarachnoid space?
either median or lateral aperture
364
What route does CSF take to get to the spinal cord?
via the central canal
365
Where does the spinal cord end?
around L1 or L2
366
Where do lumbar punctures occur?
usually between L3 and L4 or L4 and L5 to avoid damaging the spinal cord
367
purpose of the dural sinuses
return blood and CSF to the internal jugular vein
368
which arteries make of the Circle of Willis
anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, anterior and posterior communicating arteries, internal carotid arteries
369
what does the anterior spinal artery supply?
anterior spinal cord
370
what does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
inferior cerebellum, medulla oblongata, choroid plexus of 4th ventricle
371
what does the posterior spinal artery supply?
posterior spinal cord
372
what does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
inferior cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata
373
what does the labyrnthine artery supply?
inner ear structures
374
what do the pontine arteries supply?
pons
375
what does the superior cerebellar artery supply?
cerebellum, midbrain
376
what does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
occipital and temporal lobes, thalamus, choroid plexus of lateral and 3rd ventricles, corpus callosum
377
what does the middle cerebral artery supply?
midbrain, frontal, parietal and temporal lobes
378
what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
frontal and parietal lobes
