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Anaphy Cutie > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Primitive name: encephalon

A

Brain

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2
Q

Largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue in the body

A

Brain

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3
Q

Brain 4 major regions:

A

a. Cerebral hemisphere
b. Diencephalon
c. Brainstem
d. Cerebellum

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4
Q

Aka “big brain”

A

Cerebral Hemisphere

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5
Q

Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain

Each hemisphere represents the contralateral side of the body

A

Cerebral Hemisphere

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6
Q

Left hemisphere Characteristics:
(Dominant)

A

M- math analysis
A- analytical
L- logical thinking
L- language

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7
Q

Right hemisphere Characteristics:
(Non-dominant)

A

M- memory & music
I- insights
C- creativity
A- arts

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8
Q

Membranous connective tissue that encloses the brain & Spinal cord

A

Meninges

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9
Q

➢Outermost covering
➢Strongest/ toughest layer
➢Aka “pachymeninx”

A

DURA MATER

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10
Q

➢Middle layer
➢Aka “leptomeninx”

A

ARACHNOID MATER

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11
Q

➢Innermost layer
➢Aka “leptomeninx

A

PIA MATER

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12
Q

➢Rounded elevations/ ridges
➢Convolutions
➢Increases surface area of the brain

A

GYRUS

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13
Q

➢Depression/ grooves
➢Deeper fissure

A

SULCUS

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14
Q

Separates the right & left cerebral hemisphere

A

MEDIAN LONGITUDINAL FISSURE

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15
Q

➢Aka “Rolandic Fissure”
➢Separates the frontal & parietal lobes

A

CENTRAL SULCUS OF ROLANDO

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16
Q

Separates temporal lobe from the other lobes of the cerebrum

A

LATERAL SYLVIAN FISSURE

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17
Q

➢Superficial layer
➢Aka “Cerebral Cortex”
➢It consists of nerve cells embedded in neuroglia
➢Associated with processing & cognition

A

GRAY MATTER

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18
Q

➢Deep layer of the cerebrum
➢Aka “cerebral medulla”
➢It consists of myelinated axons & neuroglia
that connects gray matter areas of the cerebrum

A

WHITE MATTER

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19
Q

Connects the corresponding regions of the 2 cerebral hemisphere

Ex: Corpus Callosum

A

COMMISSURAL FIBER

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20
Q

Connects various cortical regions within the same hemisphere

Ex: Arcuate Fasciculus

A

ASSOCIATED FIBER

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21
Q

Connects the cerebral cortex with the lower portion of the brain & SC

A

PROJECTION FIBER

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22
Q

Largest lobe

Fxns:
a. Motor fxn
b. Personality & behavior
c. “seat of intelligence”

A

FRONTAL LOBE

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23
Q

Fxns:
a. Pain
b. Temperature
c. Touch
d. Pressure

A

PARIETAL LOBE

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24
Q

Smallest lobe
Fxns:
a. Vision

A

OCCIPITAL LOBE

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25
Fxns: a) Hearing b) Smelling c) Memory
TEMPORAL LOBE
26
➢Aka “Precentral Gyrus” ➢Responsible for the execution of motor function on the contralateral side of the body ➢Lesion: Flaccidity
BA 4: PRIMARY MOTOR AREA (BRODMANN'S AREA)
27
➢Aka “Secondary Motor Area”; “Motor Association Area” ➢Fxns: 1. Motor planning 2. Initiation of movement 3. Coordination ➢Lesion: 1. Spasticity on the contralateral side 2. Incoordination on the contralateral side 3. Tremor on the contralateral side 4. Akinesia on the contralateral side
BA 6: PREMOTOR AREA
28
Fxn: Conjugate eye movements Lesion: frontal gaze pattern
BA 8: Frontal Eye Field
29
Fxns: 1. “Seat of intelligence” 2. Personality & behavior Lesion: changes in personality & behavior
BA 9,10,11,12: Prefrontal Areas
30
➢Associated with praxis of speech ➢Motor speech area ➢Lesion: Boca’s aphasia
BA 44, 45: BROCA’S AREA
31
➢Aka “Post-central Gyrus” ➢Fxns: 1. Receives all general sensation 2. Localization & sensory perception ➢Lesion: Hemianesthesia/ Anesthesia
BA 3,1,2: PRIMARY SENSORY AREA
32
➢Aka “Somesthetic Area”; “Sensory Association Area” ➢Fxns: Interprets sensation perceived by BA 3,1,2 except for pain & temperature
BA 5,7: SECONDARY SENSORY
33
Fxns: 1. Naming 2. Reading 3. Writing 4. Mathematical ability 5. Right & left orientation Lesion: 1. Anomia 2. Gerstmann Syndrome
BA 39: ANGULAR GYRUS
34
Fxns: 1. Tactile perception 2. Language perception Lesion: 1. Tactile agnosia 2. Ideomotor apraxia
BA 40: SUPRAMARGINAL GYRUS
35
Taste area Lesion: Aguesia
BA 43: GUSTATORY AREA
36
Aka “Striate Cortex” Fxn: vision Lesion: 1. Homonymous hemianopsia (unilateral lesion) 2. Cortical blindness (bilateral lesion)
BA 17: PRIMARY VISUAL AREA
37
Aka “Visual Association Area”; “Parastriate Cortex” Fxn: Interprets images perceived by BA 17 Lesion: 1. Visual agnosia 2. Color agnosia 3. Dyschromatopsia 4. Alexia without agraphia
BA 18, 19: SECONDARY VISUAL AREA
38
Aka “Heschl’s Gyrus” Fxn: hearing Lesion: 1. Contralateral deafness (unilateral lesion) 2. Cortical deafness (bilateral lesion)
BA 41, 42: PRIMARY AUDITORY AREAS
39
Fxns: interprets sound other than language Lesion: Auditory Agnosia
RIGHT BA 22: AUDITORY ASSOCIATION AREA
40
Fxn: interprets language Lesion: Wernicke’s Aphasia
LEFT BA 22: WERNICKE’S AREA
41
Representation of human body based on a neurological map
Homunculus
42
several “islands” of gray matter buried deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres Fxns: a. Smoothens motor performance b. Initiation of movement c. Modulation of movement & motor coordination
Basal Nuclei
43
Aka “Interbrain” Major structures: a. Thalamus b. Hypothalamus c. Epithalamus d. Subthalamus
Diencephalon
44
Sensory relay station & integration center of the brain Fxns: a) Influences the activity of the motor cortex b) Relays common sensations to consciousness c) Visual sensation d) Hearing sensation
THALAMUS
45
Fxns: a) Regulate body temperature b) Regulates pituitary gland c) Regulates ANS d) Hunger center e) Thirst center f) Satiety center g) Circadian rhythm h) Emotion i) Sexual desire
HYPOTHALAMUS
46
Center for integration of olfactory, somatic, & visceral afferent pathways
EPITHALAMUS: Habenular Nucleus
47
Produces melatonin ➢It promotes sleep ➢Bodies biological clock ➢Circadian rhythm
EPITHALAMUS: Pineal gland
48
Brainstem 3 subdivisions:
a) Midbrain b) Pons c) Medulla oblongata
49
➢Roof of the midbrain ➢(+) Corpora Quadrigemina a. Superior Colliculi (2) b. Inferior Colliculi (2)
TECTUM
50
Visual reflex
Superior Colliculi (2)
51
Auditory reflex
Inferior Colliculi (2)
52
“little feet of the cerebrum” Convey ascending and descending impulses
CEREBRAL PEDUNCLE
53
➢Connects midbrain & medulla oblongata ➢Means “bridge” ➢Fxns: a) Primary respiratory center b) Vasomotor center c) Consciousness ➢(+) reticular activating system ➢Responsible for arousal/ consciousness
Pons
54
➢area where the important pyramidal tracts (motor fibers) cross over to the opposite side ➢Fxns: a) Primary respiratory center b) Vasomotor center c) Vagal center d) Emetic center e) Coughing, yawning, & sneezing reflex
Medulla Oblongata
55
➢Aka “little brain” ➢Ipsilateral representation ➢Subdivisions: a) Paleocerebellum
Cerebellum
56
➢ Aka “Anterior lobe” ➢ Spinocerebellum ➢ Posture & muscle tone
Paleocerebellum
57
➢ Oldest lobe ➢ Aka “floculonodular lobe” ➢ Vestibulocerebellum ➢ balance
Archicerebellum
58
➢ Largest & newest ➢ Aka “posterior lobe” ➢ Fine movement & coordination
Neocerebellum
59
➢Cylindrical mass of neural tissue, occupying the upper 2/3 of vertebral canal ➢Starts: at the level of foramen magnum ➢Ends: L1L2 vertebrae ➢Normal diameter= 1-1.5 cm ➢Normal length= 42-45 cm ➢Segments: a. Cervical= 8 b. Thoracic= 12 c. Lumbar= 5 d. Sacral= 5 e. Coccygeal= 1
Spinal Cord
60
Conical inferior end Spinal integration center for micturition/urination/ voiding
CONUS MEDULLARIS
61
Filament extending from the conus & attaches to 1st segment of the coccyx Made with pia mater
FILUM TERMINALE
62
Horsetail composed of rootlets of lumbosacral plexus
CAUDA EQUINA
63
➢Butterfly-shaped internal part ➢Aka “horn” ➢surrounds the central canal of the cord ➢dorsal and ventral roots fuse to form the spinal nerves
GRAY MATTER
64
➢composed of myelinated fiber tracts ➢Outer portion ➢Divided into three regions: a) Dorsal Column b) Lateral Column c) Ventral Column
WHITE MATTER
65
Ascending tract only
Dorsal Column
66
Ascending & descending tract
Lateral Column
67
Ascending & descending tract
Ventral Column

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