Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase II Drugs List > Central Nervous System + Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Central Nervous System + Anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Dopaminergics

Basal Ganglia Disorders

A

Levodopa (precursor); Pramipexole, Ropinirole, Rotigotine (synthetic agonists)

MoA:
Increased dopamine synthesis and dopaminergic function

Indication:
Parkinson’s Disease

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Confusion, agitation (MAOI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor

Basal Ganglia Disorders

A

Carbidopa, Benserazide

MoA:
Stops breakdown of Levodopa in the periphery by inhibiting dopa-decarboxylase

Indication:
Parkinson’s Disease

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Confusion, agitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOI)

Basal Ganglia Disorders

A

Selegiline, Rasagaline

MoA:
Inhibition of dopamine breakdown

Indication:
Parkinson’s Disease

Adverse Effects/Interactions:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inhibitor of COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase)

Basal Ganglia Disorders

A

Entacapone, Tolcapone

MoA:
Blockade of dopamine precursor breakdown by inhibition of COMT

Indication:
Parkinson’s Disease

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Nausea, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anticholinergics

Basal Ganglia Disorders

A

Orphenadrine, Procyclidine, Trihexphenidyl

MoA:
Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist

Indication:
Parkinson’s Disease, muscle rigidity, side effects of anti-psychotics

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Dry mouth, constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dopamine-depleting drugs

Basal Ganglia Disorders

A

Tetrabenazine

MoA:
Blocks VMAT, preventing uptake of DA into vesicles

Indication:
Huntington’s Chorea

Adverse Effects/Interactions:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Sertraline, Citalopram, Fluoxetine

MoA:
Inhibition of serotonin (5HT) reuptake pump in synaptic cleft

Indication:
Depression, generalised anxiety disorder

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Insomnia, nausea
NSAIDs, lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reversible Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase type A (RIMA)

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Moclobemide

MoA:
Inhibits monoamine oxidise A, preferentially decreases breakdown of serotonin and noradrenaline

Indication:
Depression

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Dosulepin

MoA:
Inhibition of noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake in synaptic cleft, H1 antagonist, M1 antagonist, Adrenergic antagonist

Indication:
Depression

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Anticholinergic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atypical antidepressants

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Roboxetine, Venlafaxine, Bupropion, Agomelatine, Mirtazapine

MoA:
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (Reboxetine); Noradrenaline/serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Venlafaxine); Noradrenaline /Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (Buproprion); Melatonin agonist (Agomelatine); Alpha-2 antagonist (Mirtazepine)

Indication:
Depression

Adverse Effects/Interactions:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antipsychotics - Classical (First Generation)

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol

MoA:
Selective D2 dopamine receptor blockade

Indication:
Schizophrenia

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Blurred vision, tremor,
Extrapyramidal symptoms, hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antipsychotics - Atypical (Second Generation)

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Olanzapine, Risperidone, Quetiapine, Clozapine, Amisulpride

MoA:
Selective D2 dopamine and 5-HT receptor blockade

Indication:
Schizophrenia

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Extrapyramidal symptoms (less than classical antipsychotics), hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mood stabiliser

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Lithium carbonate

MoA:
Unclear – possible neuronal calcium channel blockade

Indication:
Bipolar disorder

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Tremor, hypothyroidism
NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine

MoA:
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (reversible)

Indication:
Alzheimer’s Disease, mild to moderate dementia

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Nausea, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NMDA receptor antagonist

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Memantine

MoA:
VD blocker of NMDA receptors

Indication:
Alzheimer’s Disease, moderate to severe dementia

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Constipation, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anxiolytics

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Benzodiazepines (see below), Buspirone

MoA:
GABA PAM (γ-subunit); 5-HT1A partial agonist (Buspirone)

Indication:
Anxiety and related disorders

Adverse Effects/Interactions:

17
Q

Non-benzodiazepine Hypnotic

Drugs for mental health treatment including dementia

A

Zopiclone

MoA:
GABA PAM (γ-subunit)
Enhanced effects of GABA

Indication:
Insomnia

Adverse Effects/Interactions:

18
Q

Anti-Epilepsy Drugs (AEDs)

Drugs used to treat epilepsy

A

Sodium Valproate, Lamotrigine, Carbemezapine, Ethosuximide

MoA:
Na+ channel blockers;
(Ethosuximide – Ca2+ channel blocker)

Indication:
Epilepsy

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Nausea, blurred vision
Macrolide antibiotics

19
Q

Benzodiazepines (BDZs)

Drugs used to treat epilepsy

A

Lorazepam, Midazolam, Diazepam, Zolpidem (BDZ-like)

MoA:
GABA PAM (γ-subunit)
Enhanced effects of GABA

Indication:
Epilepsy, Acute seizures

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Drowsiness, dependence
Sedatives

20
Q

BDZ Antagonist

Drugs used to treat epilepsy

A

Flumazenil

MoA:
Antagonises GABA signalling

Indication:
Reversal of BDZ sedation

Adverse Effects/Interactions:

21
Q

Barbiturates

Drugs used to treat epilepsy

A

Phenobarbitone, Pentobarbitone, Primidone

MoA:
GABA PAM (β-subunit)
Enhanced effects of GABA

Indication:
Epilepsy, Acute seizures

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Drowsiness, fainting
Sedatives, anti-coagulants

22
Q

Weak analgesic/antipyretic

Analgesics

A

Paracetamol

MoA:
Unclear – possible COX inhibitor in CNS

Indication:
Mild-moderate pain, pyrexia

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Constipation
Warfarin

23
Q

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Analgesics

A

Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Naproxen

MoA:
Non-selective COX inhibitors, blockade of prostaglandin synthesis

Indication:
Mild-moderate pain, inflammation

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
GI disturbance, hypertension, Aspirin not suitable for under 16s
Diuretics, ACE inhibitors,

24
Q

COX2-selective NSAIDs

Analgesics

A

Etoricoxib, Celecoxib

MoA:

COX-2 inhibition, localised prostaglandin blockade

Indication:
Pain, inflammation

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Indigestion
ACE inhibitors, SSRIs

25
Q

Weak opioid analgesics

Analgesics

A

Codeine, Dihydrocodeine

MoA:
Stimulation of analgesic opioid receptors

Indication:
Mild-moderate pain

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Constipation, nausea
Sedatives

26
Q

Strong opioid analgesics

Analgesics

A

Morphine, Diamorphine, Pethidine, Fentanyl

MoA:
Stimulation of analgesic opioid receptors

Indication:
Severe pain

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Constipation, nausea
Sedatives

27
Q

Partial/mixed agonist opioid analgesics

Analgesics

A

Buprenorphine, pentazocine

MoA:
Modulation of analgesic opioid receptors (µ and k)

Indication:
Moderate to severe pain

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Constipation, nausea
Sedatives

28
Q

Opioid antagonist

Analgesics

A

Naloxone, Naltrexone

MoA:
Opioid receptor antagonist

Indication:
Opiate overdose, respiratory depression

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Nausea, tachycardia

29
Q

Opioid addiction management

Analgesics

A

Methadone, Buprenorphine

MoA:
Narcotic opioid replacement; opioid receptor agonist/modulator

Indication:
Opiate addiction

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Constipation
Sedatives

30
Q

Drugs for neuropathic pain

Analgesics

A

Gabapentin, Pregabalin, Amitriptyline,

MoA:
VDCC antagonist (gabapentin, pregabalin)/ TCA (amitriptyline)

Indication:
Neuropathic pain

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Dizziness, fatigue
Antidepressants

31
Q

Inhaled analgesics

Analgesics

A

Nitrous oxide + oxygen mixture (“Gas & Air”)
Entonox

MoA:
Unclear

Indication:
Analgesia during childbirth

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Decreased vitamin B12 synthesis

32
Q

General anaesthetic

Anaesthesia

A

Propofol, isoflurane, sevoflurane; Ketamine

MoA:
Unclear - possible enhancement of GABA function (Propofol, isoflurane, sevoflurane)
NMDA receptor blockade (ketamine)

Indication:
Induction of anaesthesia throughout major surgery

Adverse Effects/Interaction:
Hypotension

33
Q

Local anaesthetic

Anaesthesia

A

Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Levobupivacaine

MoA:
Voltage-gated sodium channel blockade

Indication:
Local anaesthesia

Adverse Effects/Interaction:
Rash

34
Q

Neuromuscular blockers

Anaesthesia

A

Atracurium besilate, Vecuronium (non-depolarising)
Suxamethonium (depolarising)

MoA:
Competitive antagonist at AChR

Initially depolarisation and desensitisation of AChR

Indication:
Tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation during surgery

Adverse Effects/Interaction:
Hypotension, skin flushing

35
Q

Drugs for reversing neuromuscular block

Anaesthesia

A

Sugammadex; Neostigmine

MoA:
Oligosaccharide that forms a complex with NMBs removing them from NMJ (Sugammadex)

Peripheral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Indication:
Immediate reversal of NMB to reduce post-operative pulmonary complications (sugammadex)
(Neostigmine also used for myasthenia gravis)

Adverse Effects/Interaction:

36
Q

Muscle relaxants & sedatives

Anaesthesia

A

Temazepam (BDZ), Zolpidem,
Dexmedetomidine (alpha-2 agonist)
Alfentanil, Fentanil, Remifentanil (opioids)

MoA:
See BDZs
Alpha-2 agonists inhibit sympathetic activity

See Opioids

Indication:
Maintain sedation and relaxed muscle tone

Adverse Effects/Interaction:
Bradycardia (alpha-2 agonist)

37
Q

H1-receptor antagonist

Anti-emetics

A

Cyclizine

MoA:
Histamine H1 receptor blockade

Indication:
Nausea, vomiting

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Dry mouth, sedation
Sedatives

38
Q

D2-receptor antagonist

Anti-emetics

A

Domperidone

MoA:
Dopamine D2 receptor blockade in the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone

Indication:
Nausea, vomiting

Adverse Effects/Interactions:
Cardiac disease

Phase II Drugs List (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions