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Phase II Drugs List > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins - Beta lactam

Antibiotics

A

Amoxicillin, Co-amoxiclav, Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Tazocin), Flucloxacillin,
Phenoxymethylpenicillin

MoA:
Beta-lactam: Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Indication:
Respiratory infection, pneumonia, H pylori

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Rash, hypersensitivity
Warfarin, methotrexate

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2
Q

Carbapenem - Beta lactam

Antibiotics

A

Meropenem

MoA:
Beta-lactam: Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Indication:
Meningitis, hospital-acquired septicaemia

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Abdominal pain, pruritus

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3
Q

Cephalosporins - Beta lactam

Antibiotics

A

Ceftriaxone

MoA:
Beta-lactam Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Indication:
Gram-negative infections (third generation), meningitis

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
GI disturbances, colitis
Warfarin

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4
Q

Antifolate antibiotic

Antibiotics

A

Trimethoprim

MoA:
Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase

Indication:
UTI

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Rash, GI disturbances
Methotrexate

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5
Q

Fluoroquinolones

Antibiotics

A

Ciprofloxacin

MoA:
Inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase

Indication:
Respiratory tract infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nausea, convulsions
Iron salts, NSAIDs

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6
Q

Macrolide antibiotic

Antibiotics

A

Erythromycin, Azithromycin

MoA:
Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis

Indication:
Pneumonia

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
GI disturbance, headache
Digoxin, theophylline, statins

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7
Q

Tetracycline antibiotic

Antibiotics

A

Doxycycline

MoA:
Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis

Indication:
Community-acquired pneumonia

Adverse Effect/Interaction:

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8
Q

Nitrofuran

Antibiotics

A

Nitrofurantoin

MoA:
Bacterial DNA interference

Indication:
UTI

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Peripheral neuropathy

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9
Q

Aminoglycoside

Antibiotics

A

Gentamicin

MoA:
Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis

Indication:
Ophthalmic infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:

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10
Q

Glycopeptide

Antibiotics

A

Vancomycin

MoA:
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria

Indication:
C. difficile infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Neutropenia, renal impairment

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11
Q

Nitroimidazole
(anti-anaerobe agent)

(Antibiotics)

A

Metronidazole

MoA:
Inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis

Indication:
Anaerobic bacterial infection: leg ulcers, pressure sores

Adverse Effect/Interaction:

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12
Q

Antituberculosis drugs
(Used in combination)

(Antibiotics)

A

Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide

MoA:
Inhibition of mycobacterial cell wall synthesis (Isoniazid, Ethambutol); inhibition of mycobacterial RNA synthesis (Rifampicin)

Indication:
Tuberculosis

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Hepatotoxicity

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13
Q

Therapeutic cytokines

Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs

A

Interferon alpha

MoA:
Activation of antiviral intracellular and immune responses

Indication:
Hepatitis B and C

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Flu-like symptoms, loss of appetite

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14
Q

DNA polymerase inhibitors

Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs

A

Aciclovir, Ganciclovir

MoA:
Virus replication blockade via inhibiting viral DNA polymerase

Indication:
Herpes simplex infection
Cytomegalovirus infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nausea, diarrhoea

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15
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs

A

Oseltamivir

MoA:
Prevention of viral budding and infectivity

Indication:
Influenza virus infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nausea & vomiting

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16
Q

Nucleoside analogues

Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs

A

Ribavirin

MoA:
Disrupts viral RNA synthesis

Indication:
Hepatitis C, RSV

Adverse Effect/Interaction:

17
Q

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

(Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs)

A

Tenofovir

Efavirenz

MoA:
Blockade of viral reverse transcriptase function essential for viral genetic replication

Indication:
HIV infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

18
Q

Viral protease inhibitors

Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs

A

Lopinavir

MoA:
Blockade of viral protease required for virus particle assembly

Indication:
HIV infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
GI bleeding

19
Q

Integrase inhibitors

Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs

A

Dolutegravir

MoA:
Disrupts integration of HIV genome into host chromosomes

Indication:
HIV infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:

20
Q

Viral fusion inhibitors

Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs

A

Enfuvirtide

MoA:
Blockade of virus fusion to target cell membrane

Indication:
HIV infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Pancreatitis

21
Q

Chemokine receptor/CCR5 antagonist

Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs

A

Maraviroc

MoA:
Blockade of HIV binding to co-factor for cell entry

Indication:
HIV infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nausea, diarrhoea

22
Q

Triazole anti-fungal agent

Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs

A

Fluconazole

MoA:
Disruption of fungal membrane function

Indication:
Candida infection

Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nausea, abdominal pain

Phase II Drugs List (10 decks)

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