Centrally acting muscle relaxant

Question 1

Muscle spasm

• A (gradual or sudden?) (violent or non-violent?) (voluntary or involuntary?) (contraction or relaxation?) of muscles group

Answer 1

Sudden ; violent

involuntary contraction

Question 2

Muscle spasm

• Spasms could result from ______calcemia, ___________, ________ syndrome or ______

Answer 2

hypo; hypokalemia or hyperkalemia

chronic pain

epilepsy

Question 3

Muscle spasm

• In spasm, blood vessels __________, muscle ________ and becomes a ___________ mass, rather than normally contracting and relaxing in quick succession

Answer 3

constrict

freezes in contraction

hard knotty

Question 4

Muscle spasm

• tonic spasm characterized unusually _________ and _____ muscular contraction, with relaxation occurring _______

• Clonic spasm, ______ of affected muscles occur repeatedly, forcibly and quick succession and _______ relaxation

Answer 4

prolonged; strong; slowly

contraction

frequent

Question 5

Spasticity

• It is a condition in which certain muscles are continually _________

• Causing ______ or _______ of muscles, may affect gait, movement/speech

Answer 5

contracted

stiffness or tightness

Question 6

Spasticity

• It may be associated with spinal cord injury, MS, cerebral palsy, anoxic brain damage (CVA), brain trauma, metabolic dx (PKU)

• The degree of spasticity varies from ______________ to ___________________

Answer 6

mild muscle stiffness

severe, painful and uncontrollable muscle spasms

Question 7

A muscle relaxant

A muscle relaxant is a drug which affects ___________ function and decreases the _________.

It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as _______, pain, and ___reflexia.

Answer 7

skeletal muscle

muscle tone.

muscle spasms;

Question 8

The term “muscle relaxant” is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups:

___________ and ________

Answer 8

neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics.

Question 9

Neuromuscular blockers act by _______________ at the neuromuscular end plate and have _______ central nervous system (CNS) activity.

Answer 9

interfering with transmission

no

Question 10

Neuromuscular blockers

They are often used during ____ procedures and in _______ and emergency medicine to cause ________.

Answer 10

surgical; intensive care

paralysis

Question 11

Spasmolytics, also known as “__________” muscle relaxants, are used to alleviate __________ and ________ and to reduce ______ in a variety of neurological conditions.

Answer 11

centrally acting

musculoskeletal pain and spasms

spasticity

Question 12

Central Acting Muscle Relaxants

List 7

Only Used To Relieve:
_________

Answer 12

Methocarbamol
Cyclobenzaprine HCl
Chlorzoxazone
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Chlorphenesin Carbamate
Orphenadrine Citrate (Norgesic)
Metaxalone (Skelaxin)

Muscle Spasm

Question 13

Baclofen

It relieves _________ (involuntary _________/ resistance to _________)

Answer 13

spinal spasticity

flexor and extensor spasms; passive movement

Question 14

Baclofen

Indication : _____,______,_______

Not indication :_______ or _________, PD, HC

Answer 14

MS, cerebral palsy and traumatic injury to spinal cord

CVA or stroke

Question 15

Baclofen

______ implanted ______ administration

Answer 15

Surgically

intrathecal

Question 16

Baclofen

A derivative of ______, acts speficically at _____ end of the _________ motor neurons at (_______)Receptor to cause _______polarization

Answer 16

GABA; spinal

upper; GABAB

hyper

Question 17

Baclofen

Suppresses _______ and ______ Transmission

It reduces __________ activity underlying muscle _______, spasm and spasticity

Adverse effects : drowsiness, weakness, lightheadedness, headache, _____tension, confusion, insomnia, lethargy

Answer 17

Monosynaptic & Polysynaptic

excessive reflex ; hypertonia

hypo

Question 18

Tizanidine
an (oral or IV?) agent used to treat spasticity related to ________ pathology and _______

Structurally similar to ______

Used with caution in ______,_________. And __________

Answer 18

oral; spinal cord ; MS

clonidine

hypotension, liver and renal dx

Question 19

Tizanidine

CYP1A2 (inducer or inhibitor?)

Interact with _______,_______

Additive effect when combined with ________,__________, or ________

Adverse effect: _____tension, drowsiness

Answer 19

inhibitor

contraceptives, fluvoxamine

antihypertensives, alpha2 agonist or ethanol

hypo

Question 20

Gabapentin

It relieves spasticity associated with _____

Interact with ____ gated _____ channels to decrease _____ and spasticity

Answer 20

MS

voltage; calcium ; pain

Question 21

Gabapentin

______ administered and (slowly or rapidly?) absorbed

Highly ______ soluble, crosses ____ and widely distributed in CNS

Excreted (changed or unchanged?) in urine

Adverse effect: drowsiness, somnolence, nausea, fatigue

Answer 21

Orally; rapidly

lipid; bbb

unchanged

Question 22

Carisoprodol:

a _______ skeletal muscle relaxant of the ________ class

it produces all the effects associated with __________

It’s a prodrug, structurally and pharmacologically related to _______

Answer 22

centrally acting; carbamate

barbiturates; meprobamate

Question 23

Carisoprodol:

MOA=_________

its ________ effects contribute to its therapeutic and recreational use, are generally attributed to the actions of its primary metabolite, _____, at ________ receptors (_______)

Answer 23

remains unclear

sedative; meprobamate

GABAA; GABAAR

Question 24

Carisoprodol

It blocks _____ sensations from the nerves

Temporarily relieve pain from muscle pain, spasms, sprains, and strains. It is also used as an _____________.

Answer 24

pain

antidepressant

Question 25

Diazepam relieves spasticity of _________, induce mild ________ and control seizure in status ________ patients alleviates _____________, convulsion, and ______ related symptoms.

Answer 25

cerebral palsy; amnesia; epilepticus acute alcohol withdrawal; anxiety

Question 26

Diazepam It acts on the _________ and produced a temporary _____ effect on the user Adverse effect: cardiorespiratory ________, drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy, somnolence

Answer 26

brain and nerves; calming depression

Question 27

Cyclobenzaprine: used to treat muscle spasm and pain associated with _____________________ Metaloxone: relatively (weak or strong ?) muscle relaxants that produced (little or plenty?) side effects, It is used to relax muscle and lessen muscle pain and spasms. Increased viability is impressed when ________

Answer 27

acute musculoskeletal conditions. strong; little taken with food.

Question 28

Methacarbamol: a central muscle relaxant used to treat skeletal spasm and helps to relax muscles and reduce muscle pains associated from _____,______, and ________

Answer 28

sprains, strains, and muscle stress.

Question 29

The most common side effects of muscle relaxants are: ____ changes: ———— or ________ Dizziness, drowsiness _______ mouth

Answer 29

Vision double vision or blurred vision Dry

Question 30

Less common side effects of muscle relaxants such as stomach cramps or pain, nausea and vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, hiccups, confusion, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, flushed or red face, headache, heartburn, weakness, and sleep problems Also may occur and do not need medical attention unless they do not go away or they interfere with normal activities. T/F

Answer 30

T T

Question 31

More serious side effects of muscle relaxants are not common, but may occur. Anyone who experiences ____ problems, facial ———, fainting, unusually fast or unusually slow ______, fever, ______ in the chest, rash, itching, burning, ____, or_______ eyes, or Unusual _______ or ________ after taking muscle relaxants should seek medical help

Answer 31

breathing; swelling; heartbeat tightness Red ; bloodshot thoughts or dreams

Question 32

Peripherally acting spasmolytic • Act through ________ on ________ fibres • Do not interfere with ______ communication nor have _____ effects • Adverse effect: slurred speech, muscle weakness, drowsiness, malaise, fatigue, seizures

Answer 32

direct action on skeletal muscle neuromuscular; CNS

Question 33

Peripherally acting spasmolytic • Dantrolene most used for acute treatment of _________________, hereditary —————, _________ , spasticity from _______ and ———- injuries, MS, _____ palsy and CVA

Answer 33

malignant hyperthermia (GA) spastic paraplegia heatstroke spinal cord and cerebral cerebral

Question 34

Peripherally acting spasmolytic • Dantrolene reduces the _________ of skeletal muscle through a ____ effect on muscle cells, through reduction in _____________ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 34

force of contraction direct amount of Ca2+ released