Cephalosporins

Question 1

What is MOA of cephalosporins

Answer 1

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 2

T/F - Cephalosporins are generally more resistant to B-lactamases than penicillins

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which 1st gen is opthalmic ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis in dogs/cats

Answer 3

Cafalonium

Question 4

Which 1st gen is highly used for gram+/gram- infections in SA

Answer 4

Cefazolin (parenteral injectable)

Question 5

Which 1st gen is used for intramammary infusion for mastitis

Answer 5

Cephapirin

Question 6

If you use cephapirin, what preparation will you give for lactating animas

Answer 6

Sodium based cephapirin

Question 7

If you use cephapirin in dry animals which prep will you use

Answer 7

Benzocaine based cephapirin (acts as depository)

Question 8

Which two 1st gens are used for matistitis in cows

Answer 8

Cephapirin

Cefalonium

Question 9

What is microbial suscebilitly of 1st gens

Answer 9

Gram + (best)

Gram - (cefazolin!)

Question 10

Are 1st gens useful against pencillinase producing gram + organisms

Answer 10

Yes! Resistant to these enzymes

Question 11

Which 1st gen is best for gram - bacterial infections

Answer 11

Cefazolin

Question 12

Which 2nd gens have cephem nucleus in their structure? What does it allow them to treat?

Answer 12

FOT-FOX

Cefotetan
Cefoxitin

They are better at treating anerobic infections

Question 13

Which 2nd gens are best at anerobic infections

Answer 13

Cefotetan

Cefoxitin

Question 14

Which 2nd gen can cross BBB

Answer 14

Cefuroxime

Question 15

Which 2nd gen is used for meningeal infections

Answer 15

Cefuroxime

Question 16

Which 2nd gens are in the cephamycin group

Answer 16

Cefotetan

Cefoxitin

Question 17

Which is better at treating gram - infectins: 1st or 2nd gen

Answer 17

2nd gen is better

Question 18

T/F - 2nd gens can treat gram - that are resistant to 1st gens

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F - 2nd gens are good at anerobic infections

Answer 19

True

Question 20

T/F - as generations progress, resistance against bacterial enzymes increases

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Which 3rd gen is used for meningeal infections in SA

Answer 21

Cefotaxime

Ceftazidime also crosses BBB

Question 22

Which 3rd gen is highly potent and treats resp, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue infections

Answer 22

Ceftiofur

Question 23

Which 3rd gen is used for pseudomonas in wild animals

Answer 23

Ceftazidime

Question 24

Which 3rd gen has a very long half life and used for pyoderma/skin infections/UTI

Answer 24

Cefovecin

Question 25

Which 3rd gen is a prodrug ester

Answer 25

Cefpodoxime Proxetil

Question 26

Which 3rd gen is extensively plasma protein bound

Answer 26

Cefovecin

Question 27

What are 3rd gens most effective against

Answer 27

Gram neg

Question 28

Which 3rd gen has broader gram + activity

Answer 28

Ceftiofur

Question 29

4th gens (2)

Answer 29

Cefepime | Cefquinome

Question 30

What is spectrum of 4th gens

Answer 30

Broad (gram + cocci, gram - bacilli, pseduomonas!)

Question 31

Which 4th gen will you use for resistant infections

Answer 31

Either! Cefepime or Cefquinome

Question 32

Which 3rd gen is metabolized to an active metabolite

Answer 32

Ceftiofur

Question 33

Which species are 4th gens used in

Answer 33

SA and horses

Question 34

Which cephalosporins have best oral bioavailability and are most extensively used

Answer 34

Cephalexin | Cefaclor

Question 35

Which cephalosporins cross BBB (5)

Answer 35

Cefuroxime (2nd) ``` 3rd: Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Ceftizoxime ```

Question 36

Distribution of cephalosporins

Answer 36

``` Blood Urine Bile Pleural fluid Synovial fluid Pericardial fluid Bone! ```

Question 37

Metabolism of cephalosporins

Answer 37

Limited - liver

Question 38

Which two drugs are metabolized to active metabolites

Answer 38

Cefotaxime | Ceftiofur

Question 39

Excretion of cephalopsporins

Answer 39

Kidneys - glomerular filtration and PT secretion

Question 40

Which two cephalorsporins are excreted by bile

Answer 40

Ceftriaxone | Cefoperazone

Question 41

T/F cephalopsporins are safe

Answer 41

T - few side effects

Question 42

Side effects of cephalosporins

Answer 42

Rare ``` Local reactions at injection site Hypersensitivity GI signs Ceftiofur: anemia, thrombocytopenia Cephalothin - decreased platelet aggregation ```

Question 43

Side effects Ceftiofur

Answer 43

Anemia | Thrombocytomenia

Question 44

Side effects Cephalothin

Answer 44

Decreased platelet aggregation

Question 45

Efficacy predictor of cephalosporins

Answer 45

Type 2 antimicrobial

Question 46

Name one that produces active metabolite - why is this important

Answer 46

Ceftofur - enhances effect