Misc Antimicrobials

Question 1

Preferred route Bacitracin

Answer 1

Topical

Question 2

What is bacitracin effective against

Answer 2

Gram +

Question 3

Risk of parenteral admin of bacitracin

Answer 3

Nephrotoxicity!

Question 4

MOA bacitracin

Answer 4

Cell wall synthesis (CIDAL)

Question 5

Preps of bacitracin

Answer 5

ZINC bacitracin

Question 6

T/F - Bacitracin can be used in food for poultry and pigs against Clostridium

Answer 6

True!

Question 7

T/F - resistance against bacitracin is common

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

Spectrum Novobiocin

Answer 8

BROAD

Question 9

What is Novobiocin specialized at treating

Answer 9

Penicillin resistant Staph

Question 10

MOA Novobiocin

Answer 10

Inhibitons formation of NAG in cell wall

Also iniibts DNA, RNA, protein, metabolism…

Question 11

What can you combine Novobioicn with to treat kennel cough and tonsilitis?

Answer 11

Tetracyclines

Question 12

What can you combine Novobiocin with to use as intrammammary infusion to treat Staph aureus mastitis

Answer 12

With Penicillin G

Question 13

Adverse effects Novobiocin

Answer 13

Skin rash
Reduced blood cell count
GI signs

Question 14

What does Thiostrepton treat

Answer 14

Gram +/Gram -

Question 15

Admin for Thiostrepton

Answer 15

Topical treatment for derm infections

Question 16

What can Thipstrepton be combined with

Answer 16

Neomycin
Corticosteroids
Nystatin

Question 17

What are Nitrofurans good for

Answer 17

UTIs

Question 18

Spectrum of Nitrofurans

Answer 18

Broad + Protozoans

esp gram neg

Question 19

Administration Nitrofurans

Answer 19

Oral/topical

Question 20

Adverse effect of nitrofuran

Answer 20

Neurotoxicity (if given systemic)

Question 21

T/F Nitrofurans are banned in food animals

Answer 21

TRUE - carcinogenic

Question 22

Virginiamycin is effective against

Answer 22

Gram +

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 23

MOA Virginiamycin

Answer 23

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis (at 23s ribosomal subunit)

Question 24

What is Virginiamycin used for in pigs and poultry?

Answer 24

Feed additive

Question 25

Excretion of Virginiamycin

Answer 25

Bile

Question 26

Admin of Virginiamycin

Answer 26

Oral

Question 27

Carbadox is mainly used for which specices

Answer 27

Pigs

Question 28

Indications Carbadox

Answer 28

Growth promoter (pig) Swine dysentery Bacterial enteritis

Question 29

Toxicity of Carbadox

Answer 29

Suppressed aldosterone! (dehydration, salt-licking, urine drinking, growth retardation)

Question 30

Spectrum of Vancomycin (unique)

Answer 30

COCCI! (gram +/-, aerobic, anerobic) Staph Strep Clostridium

Question 31

How is Vancomycin administered

Answer 31

IV

Question 32

What is used for Vancomycin resisance

Answer 32

Linezolid

Question 33

Adverse effects Vancomycin

Answer 33

Nephrotoxicity | Histamine induced reactions

Question 34

T/F - Vancomycin banned in food animals

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

What does Methenamine form in-vivo

Answer 35

Formeldehyde - urinary antiseptic

Question 36

What should Methenamine never be co-administered with

Answer 36

Sulphonamides -- kidney damage

Question 37

T/F - Methanamine effective against urea splitting organisms (ie Proteus)

Answer 37

FALSE - less effective against Proteus

Question 38

Spectrum Polymixins

Answer 38

Narrow! - just gram negs

Question 39

Is Polymix effective against endotoxins

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Polymyxins

Answer 40

Polymixin B | Colistin (Polymixin E)

Question 41

Which drug is used for bowl sterilization? Why

Answer 41

Polymixins - not absorbed by gut

Question 42

Which route has wider distribution for Polymixins? Should you give this route?

Answer 42

Pareneteral More side effects! Nephrotoxic, resp depression/apnea

Question 43

Which drugs do Polymixins have synergistic effects with

Answer 43

Sulphonamides (against Proteus) Co-Trimoxazole

Question 44

What is Polymixin B used with to create an opthalmic solution

Answer 44

Trimethoprim

Question 45

What is Polymixin used with topically to treat Pseudomonas

Answer 45

Chlorhexidine

Question 46

What does Metronidazole target

Answer 46

Anerobes ONLY

Question 47

MOA Metronidazoles

Answer 47

DNA synthesis (CIDAL)

Question 48

What can metronidazole be mixed with to treat mixed gram neg aerobic and anaerobic infections

Answer 48

Aminoglycosides | Fluoroquinolones

Question 49

Is Metronidazole effective against Protozoa

Answer 49

Yes! Giardia, Trichomonas, Histomonas...

Question 50

Admin metronidazole

Answer 50

Oral - good with food

Question 51

T/F Metronidazole penetrates BBB to brain

Answer 51

True

Question 52

T/F - Metronidazole forms carcinogenic metabolite

Answer 52

True - active carcinogenic metabolite

Question 53

Metabolism metronidazole

Answer 53

Liver -cytochrome P450

Question 54

T/F metronidazoles banned in food animals

Answer 54

True ! Carcinogenic!

Question 55

Efficacy predicotr metronidazole

Answer 55

Type 1

Question 56

Rifampin MOA

Answer 56

RNA synthesis

Question 57

Absorption Rifampin

Answer 57

Oral is very good in all species (may be delayed in ruminants)

Question 58

Distribution Rifampin

Answer 58

Far and wide!! Very lipid soluble

Question 59

Where is a special place Rifampin concentrates

Answer 59

Phagocytic cells! Good for intracellular pathogens

Question 60

Metabolism of Rifampin. Active metabolite?

Answer 60

Liver - deacetylation Yes, active metabolite

Question 61

T/F Rifampin in potent inducer of Cytochrome p45-

Answer 61

True

Question 62

Excretion Rifampin

Answer 62

Bile, Urine

Question 63

Does Rifampin undergo enteropathic recycling

Answer 63

Yes! Increases half-life

Question 64

Adverse effects of rifampin

Answer 64

HEPATITIS******* Thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia Anorexia, diarrhea

Question 65

T/F - Rifampin is safe for dogs with liver disease

Answer 65

FALSE! NEVER

Question 66

T/F Rifampin has little bacterial resistance

Answer 66

FALSE!! Resistance is rapid, should be given with other drugs to decrease resistance!