Cerebellar Lecture Flashcards by Meghan May

Cerebellum is located: to teh 4th ventrilce

posterior

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What 3 pairs of arteries supply the cerebellum:

SCA- Superior cerebellar artery (from basilar)
AICA- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery from basilar
PICA from veretebral

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name of the convolutions on the cerebellum

folia

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Anterior lobe lies:

anterior to the primary fissure

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Posterior lobe lies:

posterior to primary fissure

includes cerebellar tonsils (medial inferior part)

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Cerebellar tonsils lie on:

posterior lobe

– tonsilar herniation is of clincal significance

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Parts of floculonodular lobe:
1:
2:

1 nodule (partis)
2 flocculi

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The nodule and flocculi are separated from posterior lobe by

posterolateral fissure

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The flocculonodular lobe forms the:

vestibulocerebellum: control of equilibrium, balance, and eye movements

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vermis along midline

and function

vermis: part of spinocerebellum

CONTROLs axial and proximal limb movements

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Longitudinal subdivision:: Intemediate zone of cerebral hemi
-function

part of spinocerebellum

Controls distal limb movments

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Lateral zone of cerebellar hemissphere:

part of cerebrocerebellum

PLanning and initiaition movments

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Excitatory afferent from contralateral inferior olivary nuclues that synapse directy onto PKJ

Climbing fibers

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Excitatory afferent from all other sources (besides olives) that synapse with granule cesll – which synapse with PKJ

Mossy fibers

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Ihnibitory output neurons of the cerebellar cortex

PKJ

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Granule cells are excitatory/inhibitory

excitatory

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Baskey cells :

ihibitory interneurons

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stelalate cells are:

inhibitory interneurons

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What makes up the MOlecular layer of cerebellum

(5) parts

Dendrites of PKJ
Parallel fibres from axons of granule cells (excitatory)
Climbing fibers from contralateral infereior olivary nucleus (exicatory)
Stellate (inhibitory)
Basket (inhibitory)

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each parallel fiber activates up to_____ PKJ

each climbing fibers innervates _______PKJ but each PKJ can only have 1 climbing giver

500
1-10
1

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What goes on in the PKJ cell layer

-where does it send output to

PKJ cells are inhibitory (GABA) and output goes only to deep cerebellar nuclei

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Components of granule cell layer: (3)

Granule cells~ excitatory
Golgi cells~ inhibitory
Mossy fibers (exicatory) and synpase with lots of granule cells

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Where does the white matter lie?

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beneath the granule cell layer

The major output neurons of the cerebellum as a whole

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Deep cerebeller nuclei

DCN recive excitatory input from:

climbing and mossy fibers~ collaterals of afferents to cerebellar cortex

DCN receive inhibitory input from

PJK cells of cerebellar cotex

OUT put from DCN is :

Excitatory

Three sets of nuclei that make up DCN

Dentate: largest/lateral from lateral zone Interposed nuclei: intermediate/from intermediate zone Fastigial:medial/ from vermis

Circuit of Clmibing fibers

Excite PKJ-->which inihbit DNC-->which excite output to other regions

Circuit of Mossy fibers

Excite granues-->which form parallels-->excite PKJ--> inbit DCN--> excite output to other regions

Circuit of inhibitory interneurons:

baskets + stellate --> inihbit PKJ and | Golgi cells in granule layer --> inhibit the granules

Functions of Vestibulocerebellum: Floccunodular lobe and inferior vermis functions

balance and equilibruim while moving, controls eye mvmts, coordinates head/eye mvmnts

Afferent inputs to Flocculonodular lobe

``` Vestibular labytinth (isp semicircular canals) direcltly vestibular labrything-->Vestibular nuclei Visual centers (LGN, supeior colliculus and visual cortex)-->pontineds ```

Vestibular nuclei gives rise to:

``` Vestibulospinal tract (axial musculature) Medial longitudinal fasiculus: head/eye movments ```

Spinorcerebellum (vermis and intermediate zone) fnxs

Vermis controls axial/proximal msls Intermediate zone: control of distal limb mscls *both for ongoing execution of movements

Spinocerebellum afferent inputs: | Ispilateral sp cd and lower medulla project via:

Dosal spinocerebellar tract | Cuenocerebellar tract

Spinocerebellum afferent inputs: | Contralateral inferior olivary nucleus project via:

Olivocerebellar tract

Spinocerebellum afferent inputs: | All three tracts travel w/in the _______ to reach the spinocerebellm

Inferior Cerebellar peduncle

The ispilateral spinal cord crosses the midline to contralateral _______ upwards to the Superior Cerebelar peduncle then recrosses the midline to the _______

Ventral spinocerebellar tract (it's contralatera) (still contralateral in the Superior cereellar peduncle recrosses to IPSILATERL SPINOCERebellar lob

Spinocerebellum Major Efferents: | Cerebellar cortex--> DCN-- to the

SCP

How does vermis get to Axial and proximal muscles?

Sends efferents from vermis-->DCN--> brain stem--> medial descending system--> control over axial and proximal mslces

How does vermis get to motor and premotor cortex?

Sends efferents from vermis --> DCN--> Thalamus--> motor/premotor cortex for voluntary movements

How do afferents from Contralatearl cortex get to teh Lateral part of the cerebrocerebellum (part for planning and mental rehersal)

Contralateral cotex --> Corticopontine tract--> pontine nuclei --> through middle peduncle to the cerebellum

Cerebrocerebellum (lateral efferents) major efferents:

Starts lateral cerebrocerebellum--> to DCN---> (contralateral) Red nucleus midrain --> Thalamux --> Motor and Premotor Cortex

What two paths do the lateral efferents from the cerebrocerebellum take once they reach motor cortex?

``` Motor cortex--> Corticospinal --> corsses isp --> to spinal cord OR Motor cortex --> corticopontine--> Pons (this path stays contralateral) and back up to CDN or lateral zone ```

Monoaminergic afferent to cerebellum: ______fibers from Raphe nuclei

Serotninergic | plays modulatory role

Monoaminergic afferents to cerebellum: _______ fibers from Locus cerueleus

Nonadrenergic | plays modulatory role

General fnx of cerebellum

- balance and eye movement - regulates posture by indirecly modulating outpout of major descending systems - compare intection and actual movement

The Cerebellum recives info about plans for movement and premotor cortex via:

corticocerebellar tract

The cerebellum monitors integration of descending and peripheral infor regarding movment in spinal cord via

ventral spinal cerebellar tract

Cerebellum recieves feedback from sensory via

dorsal spinocerebellar trat during movement

Cerebellum projects to motor centers that send fibers to the spinal cord __________tract to adjust output of motor system

dentororubothralmic tract

Lesion of cerebelllum will

disrupt coordinated limb and eye movements, impair balance, reduce tone

Cerebellar lesions usually cause _______motor signs

ipsilateral

Major signs of cerebellum dysfunction

ataxia, hypotonia, intentiaonal tremor, dysdiadochockinesa, dysmetria, nystagmus, titubation

Damage to cerebellum can result in:

impaired motor learning

Cerebellar Lecture Flashcards

(56 cards)