Cerebellum

Question 1

What structures are involved in

Vestibular Ataxia

Answer 1

Labyrinth
CNVII

Question 2

What structures are involved in

Sensory Ataxia

Answer 2

Doral roots
Dorsal Columns
Peripheral nerves

Question 3

What structures are involved in

Cerebellar Ataxia

Answer 3

Cerebellum
Cerebellar peduncles
Basilar pons
Crus cerebri
Spinocerebellar tracts

Question 4

What are the causes of

Vestibular Ataxia

Answer 4

Labyrinthitis
BPPV
Meniere’s Disease
CN VIII disorders
Vestibular Nuclei lesion

Question 5

What are the causes of

Sensory Ataxia

Answer 5

B12 deficiency
Tabes dorsalis
Peripheral neuropathy
MS
Friedreichs ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxias

Question 6

What are the causes of

Cerebellar Ataxia

Answer 6

Tumors
Infarcts
MS
Chronic alcoholism
Friedreichs ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxias

Question 7

What are the deficits in

Vestibular Ataxia

Answer 7

Loss of balance
nystagmus
vertigo
nausea
possible hearing loss

Question 8

What are the deficits in

Sensory ataxia

Answer 8

Loss of balance
Wide-based gait

Question 9

What are some deficits in

Cerebellar Ataxia

Answer 9

Loss of balance
Wide-based gait
Truncal ataxia
Limb ataxia
Dysmetria
Kinetic tremor
Dysdiadochokinesia
Dysarthria
Nystagmus

Question 10

What are unique signs in

Vestibular ataxia

Answer 10

Intense vertigo
Hearing Loss

Question 11

What are unique signs in

Sensory Ataxia

Answer 11

Loss of proprioception
Romberg Sign
NO vertigo

Question 12

What are some unique signs in

Cerebellar Ataxia

Answer 12

Limb ataxia
Dysarthria
Brainstem signs

Question 13

What type of ataxia has

Intense vertigo

Answer 13

Vestibular Ataxia

Question 14

What type of ataxia has a

Positive Romberg sign

Answer 14

Sensory ataxia

Question 15

What type of ataxia has a

Kinetic tremor

Answer 15

Cerebellar ataxia

Question 16

What type ofataxia has

Nystagmus

Answer 16

Vestibular and Cerebellar

Question 17

What protein is involved in

Friedreich Ataxia

Answer 17

Frataxin

Question 18

What gene is involved in

Friedreich Ataxia

Answer 18

FXN

Question 19

What genetic defect is involved in

Friedreich ataxia

Answer 19

GAA trinucleotide repeats

Question 20

What organelle is affected in

Friedreich ataxia

Answer 20

Mitochondria
iron binding defect

Question 21

What CNS structures are involved in

Friedreich ataxia

Answer 21

Dorsal columns
Spinocerebellar tracts

Question 22

What are the symptoms of

Friedreich ataxia

Answer 22

Truncal and limb ataxias

Question 23

Define

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 23

inability to perform rapid, alternating/coordinated movements

Question 24

Define

Dysmetria

Answer 24

inaccurate measurement of movement, as in extending a limb out to touch an object

Question 25

# Define Dysarthria

Answer 25

difficulty controlling/coordinating muscles involved in speech. Speech comprehension, use, and amount are normal, but words may be slurred or indistinct.

Question 26

# Define Intention (Kinetic) tremor

Answer 26

A tremor that is associated with movement (muscle use), but does not occur at rest without muscle contraction.

Question 27

# Define Unconscious proprioception

Answer 27

proprioceptive information from the dorsal columns that is routed to the cerebellum instead of to postcentral gyrus. It is used for adjusting movement rather than (conscious) perception of body position.

Question 28

# What body parts are controlled by the Flocculus and nodulus

Answer 28

Eyes Extensor muscles

Question 29

# What body parts are controlled by the Vermis

Answer 29

Trunk Axial Muscles

Question 30

# What parts of the body are controlled by the Cerebellar Hemispheres

Answer 30

Limbs

Question 31

# What is the function of the Flocculus and nodulus

Answer 31

Control vestibular nuclei

Question 32

# What is the function of the Vermis

Answer 32

Control trunk posture and movement

Question 33

# What is the function of the Cerebellar Hemispheres

Answer 33

Control limb movement

Question 34

# What are symptoms of deficits in the Cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 34

Limb ataxia

Question 35

# What are symptoms of deficits in the Vermis

Answer 35

Truncal ataxia

Question 36

# What are symptoms of deficits in the Flocculus and nodulus

Answer 36

Vertigo Nystagmus Loss of balance Nausea

Question 37

What is the significance of the cerebrocerebellar circuit

Answer 37

These tracts supply proprioceptive information to the cerebellum to adjust movements of the limbs and trunk

Question 38

Do the spinocerebellar tracts connect to the ipsilateral or contralateral cerebellum?

Answer 38

Ipsilateral

Question 39

Describe/draw the cerebrocerebellar circuit and show why the cerebellar hemisphere controls ipsilateral limb movements.

Answer 39

The cerebrocerebellar circuit starts and ends on motor cortex on the same side (double crossing). From there, the corticospinal tract begins and eventually crosses in the spinal cord to supply LMNs on the opposite side (the same side as the involved cerebellum).

Question 40

Indicate the major locations where lesions would interrupt the circuit to cause limb ataxia.

Answer 40

Question 41

Explain the significance of the spinocerebellar tracts.

Answer 41

These tracts supply proprioceptive information to the cerebellum

Question 42

Do these tracts connect to the ipsilateral or contralateral cerebellum?

Answer 42

Ipsilateral

Question 43

What are the deficits caused by lesions of spinocerebellar tracts?

Answer 43

Ataxia – involving loss of coordination of trunk and limb movements.