Tumors Flashcards
IMC 606
Histologic features of
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Biphasic
Rosenthal fibers [9c]
GFAP+ [9a]
Histologic features of
Infiltrating Astrocytoma
hypercellular
nuclear atypic
GFAP+
Histologic features of
Anaplastic astrocytoma
Hypercellular
nuclear atypic
GFAP+
**No microvascular proliferation of necrosis **
Bold is differentiator between this and an infiltrating astrocytoma
Histologic features of
Glioblastoma
Hypercellular
nuclear atypic
mitotic acitivity
GFAP+ [13f]
pseudo palisading necrosis [13e] sash
microvascular proliferation [13c] red hair beard moustache
Histological features of
Oligodendroglioma
“Fried egg” neuronal cell bodies (cytotoxic edema) [14e]
Chicken wire capillaries [14f]
Histologic features of
Ependymomas
Perivascular psuedorosettes [11f]
ependymal rosettes [11g]
Histologic features of
Meningiomas
Circumscribed [12d]
Spindle cells
Whorl pattern [12b]
Psammoma bodies [12f/18]
Histologic features of
Medullablastomas
Small roud cells
Homer-Wright rosettes [10i]
Histologic features of
Gangliogliomas
Binucleated ganglion cells
Peripheral Nissl substance
Glia
Calcifications
Glioma with WHO grade I
Pilocytic astrocytoma [9]
Glioma with WHO grade II
Infiltrating Astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma [14]
Glioma with WHO grade III
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Glioma with WHO grade IV
Glioblastoma [13]
Name this glioma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma [9c]
Name this glioma
Glioblastoma [13d]
Name this glioma
Glioblastoma [13e]
Name this glioma
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Name this glioma
Oligodendroglioma [14e] [14f]
Name this glioma
Ependymoma [11]
Symptoms of
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Cerebellar deficits [5] [6]
Symptoms of
Infiltrating Astrocytoma
New onset seizures
Symptoms of
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
New onset seizures
Headache
Focal signs
Symptoms of
Oligodenroglioma
Seizures [8]
Headache [10]
Focal signs [9]
Symptoms of
Ependymomas
Obstructive hydrocephalus [7]
Headache [2]
Vomiting [5]
Focal signs
Symptoms of
Meningioma
Seizures [8]
Headache [10]
Focal Signs [9]
Symtpoms of
Medulloblastomas
Obstructive hydrocephalus [7]
Headache [2]
Vomiting [5]
Ataxia [6]
Nystagmus
CN VI palsy
What CNS tumors occur in the supratentorial region?
Infiltrating astrocytoma
Oligodendrogliomas
Pediatric CNS tumors: Pilocytic astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymomas
What tumors occur in the meninges
Meningioma [12]
What CNS tumor occurs in the 4th ventricle in children?
Ependymoma [10]
Medulloblastoma [11]
What CNS tumor occurs in the spinal cord in adults?
Ependymoma [11c]
What gliomas are common in 30-45 year olds?
Infiltrating Astrocytoma
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Oligodendrocytoma
What gliomas are common in 8-13 year olds
Pilocytic astrocytoma [9]
What brain tumors are common in children
Pilocytic astrocytoma [9]
Ependymomas [11]
Medulloclastoma [10]
Gangliogliomas
What chromosomes/ proteins are involved in
Tuberous sclerosis
ch9- hamartin [15]
ch16- tuberin [14]
What chromosomes/ proteins are involved in
Sturge Weber
ch9
What genes are involved in
Tuberous Sclerosis
TSC1
TSC2
Clinical features of
Tuberous Sclerosis
Skin lesions [24] [25] [26]
Seizures [22]
Intellectual disability [23]
Clinical features of
Sturge Weber
Seizures [9]
Port wine birthmark [3]
Glaucoma [11]
What gene is involved in
Sturge Weber
GNAQ [4]
Pathology seen in
Tuberous Sclerosis
Hamartomas [15]
Cortical tubers [19]
Depigmented nevi
Angiofibromas
Subungual fibromas
Shagreen patches
Subependymal nodules
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
Pathology seen in
Sturge Weber
Leptomeningeal angiomas [7]
Cortical calcifications with tram track appearance [13]
How are schwannomas related to the genetic defect in neurofibromas
Defects in the NF-2 [17] gene on chromosome 22 [17b] code for the protein merlin [17a]. Merlin is a cell adhesion molecule that suppresses cell growth in crowded cellular environments. Defects in merlin allow uninhibited growth of Schwann cellsm [8].
Where do schwannomas form?
along CN VIII and at the cerebellopontine angle [18]
What are some symptoms of a schwannoma?
vertigo[18c], hearing loss [18b], tinnitus, ear fullness, nausea
Chromosome affected in
NF1
ch17 [2b]
Chromosome affected in
NF2
ch22 [17b]
Protein affected in
NF1
Neurofibromin [4]
Protein affected in
NF2
Merlin [17a]
Inheritance of
NF1
Autosomal dominant [2]
Inheritance of
NF2
Autosomal dominant [17]
Symptoms of
NF1
Lisch nodules [7]
freckling
cafe-au-lait spots [6]
neuro-fibromas
optic nerve gliomas [11]
seizures
learning disabilities
bone deformities [16]
Symptoms of
NF2
Schwannomas [8]
bilateral vestibular schwannomas [18]
cataracts [23a]
meningiomas [23]
