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CEREBELLUM Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

modulates movement

detects motor error and provide corrections to improve performance

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2
Q

ipsilateral or contralateral

A

ipsilateral side

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3
Q

cerebellum is joined to brainstem by

A

cerebral peduncles

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4
Q

superior peduncle

A
  • ->midbrain (brachium conjunctivum)
  • ->red nucleus OR–>thalamus (VL, VA)

output (decussates!)

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5
Q

middle peduncle

A

–>pons (brachium pontis)

input

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6
Q

inferior peduncle

A

–>medulla & spinal cord (restiform body)

input & output

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7
Q

what passes through inferior peduncle

A

vestibular nere & nucleus

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8
Q

what are the hemispheres of cerebellum separated by

A

vermis

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9
Q

fissures of cerebellum

A
  • primary fissure (ant/post)

- posterolateral (posterior/flocculonodular)

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10
Q

where is the tonsil lobule located?

A

superior to foramen magnum

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11
Q

what happens if intracranial pressure increases in tonsil lobule?

A

tonsil herniates downward through foramen magnum–>compresses respiratory centers in medulla and spinal cord

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12
Q

spinocerebellum parts

A

vermis

intermediate zone

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13
Q

fx of spinocerebellum

A
  • receives information from spinal cord

- regulates muscle tone and adjusts ongoing movements

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14
Q

fx cerebrocerebellum

A
  • receives info from cerebral cortex
  • planning and initiating skilled movements
  • mostly associated with cognitive functions
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15
Q

vestibulocerebellum components

A

aka flocculonodular lobe

–floculus and nodulus

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16
Q

fx vestibulocerebellum

A

-stabilization of eyes during head movement

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17
Q

nuclei from medial to lateral

A

fastigial
interposed
dendate nucleui

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18
Q

fastigial nuclei receive input form

A

purkinji cells of vermis

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19
Q

interposed receive input from

A

intermediate zone

globose and emboliform

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20
Q

dendate nuclei receive input from

A

lateral hemispheres

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21
Q

what is special about dendate nuclei

A

biggest output!

transverses superior cerebellar peduncle and decussates in midbrain

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22
Q

5 types of cells in cerebellar cortex

A 
purkinji cells
granule cells
golgi cells
basket cells
stellate cells
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23
Q

3 layers of cerebellar cortex

Study These Flashcards
A

molecular- scarce neurons
purkinji- single layer large cells
granule cells- lots of neurons

24
Q

what is the only type of cell that doesnt use GABA?

25
purkinji cells
only output from cerebellar cortex | --terminates in deep cerebellar nuclei or vestibular nucleus
26
where are purkinji axons
white matter
27
granule cells
axons are in the molecular layer (called parallel fibers)-->synapse on dendrites of purkinji to excite
28
2 input to cerebellum
mossy fibers | climbing fibers
29
mossy fibers are
axons coming from other parts of the brain to terminate | -->a single mossy fiber excites thousands of granule cells
30
pathway of cerebellum input
cerebral cortex ---corticopontine fibers-->pons--pontocerebellar fibers-->mossy fibers in cerebellar cortex -->excite granule cells -->excite parallel fibers -->input to purkinji cells
31
climbing fibers are
axons that extend up purkinji (climb it) | --arise from inferior olivary nucleus and connect to one or two purkinji
32
climbing fiber vs granule cell
single Ap from climbing-->dozen AP from purkinji many act II fibers-->1 purkinje response
33
how many parallel fibers per purkinji?
100-->300,000
34
inhibitory sculpting
outputs from cerebellum is shaped by inhibiting continuous activity
35
plasticity
synapses between parallel fibers and purkinji cells are plastic-->changes lead to short term error correcton and long term motor learning
36
long term vs short term plasticity
short term- few minutes or less; local inhibition or error correction long term- greater than 30 mins upregulation or downregulation of synthesis or trafficking of R in membrane
37
II fibers excitation mech
glutaminergic -->acts on AMPA R and metabotrophic glutamate R-->DAG & IP3
38
climbing fibers excite mech
activated when motor performance is not meeting expectation -->aspartate is excite NT-->opens Ca channels and excites purkinji cell
39
together II and climbing (long term synaptic dpression)
activate protein kinase C-->phos AMPA R (decrease efficacy in short term) & internalize ampa R-->dec response to activated synapse in future **allows cerebellum to change output next time similar circumstances occur
40
main job of vestibulocerebellum
tells about state of body eq
41
input Vestibulocerebellum pathway
vestibular apparatus of internal ear (cristae, maculae, vestibular nuclei of brainstem)--> inf cerebellar peduncle--> ipsilateral-->terminate as mossy fibers
42
output vestibulocerebellum
purkinji cell axon-->inf cerebellar peduncle-->termiante in vestibular nuclei-->spinal cord to go to extraoccular nuclei and other muscles regulation of postural movements to main eq and muscle tone
43
spinocerebellum
receives input from spinal cord and adjusts ongoing movements to control muscle tone *proprioceptive from ipsilateral side visual and aud compliment prioprioceptive information
44
spinocer. input
spinocerebellar pathways (dorsal: lower limb vs cuneocerebellar: upper limb)--> inferior cerebellar peduncle
45
termination of spinocer. input
trunk: vermis limb: internal zone
46
output of spinocer comes from 2 places
vermis | intermediate zone
47
vermis output
ipsilateral fastigial nucleus -->inf cerebellar peduncle-->brainstem bilaterally including vestibular nuclei and reticular formation OR -->motor cortex (via thal)-->ventral cortciospinal tract & corticobulbar tract
48
ventral cortcospinal tract fx
axial muscles
49
corticobulbar tract fx
facial/tongue muscles
50
vestibular nuclei & resticular formation projection fx
influences descending pathways that control axial muscles via vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tract
51
intermediate zone output
ipsilateral interposed nuclei -->red nucleus OR-->superior cerebellar peduncle (decussate)-->motor cortex (decussate again)-->lateral cortcospinal and rubrospinal tracts to limb muscles **ipsilateral due to double crossover
52
cerebrocerebellum
planning, learning, and initiating (high-skilled) voluntary motor sequence
53
input cerebrocerebellum
cerebral cortex --corticopontine tract-->ipsilateral to pontine nucleus-->traverse pontine fibers-->DECUSSATE in pons--.enter middle cerebellar peduncle-->contralateral cerebellum
54
output cerebrocerebellum
purkinji axons-->ips dentate nucleus-->sup cerebellar peduncle (decussate)-->VL thalamus OR red nucleus
55
output cerebro from red nucleus
midbrain--dentatorubral fibers-->rednucleus (parvocellular division)-->ipsilateral inferior olive-->climbing fibers-->cross over and enter inferior cerebellar peduncle-->purkinje *controlateral
56
output from VL of thalamus
motor and premotor cortices via dentothalamic fibers **usually ipsilateral because crossover in corticospinal and cortciobulbar

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