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neuro > Control of Eye Movements > Flashcards

Control of Eye Movements Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

medial and lateral rectus

A

adduct & abduct

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2
Q

upgaze

A

superior rectus

inferior oblique

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3
Q

down fze

A

inferior rectus

superior oblique

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4
Q

CN III exits at

A

interpedunular fossa of midbrain

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5
Q

CN IV exits at

A

(trochlear)

dorsum of brainstem - caudal midbrain and wraps around brainstem

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6
Q

CN VI

A

(abducens) brainstem- medullary pontine junction

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7
Q

ipslateral vs contralateral

A

CN IV is contralateral, rest are ipsi

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8
Q

what else travels in occulomotor nerves

A

parasymps

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9
Q

PS in occulomotor

A

arise from Edinger-Westphal nucleus–>synapse in ciliary gnaglion with post gang–>lens becomes rounder

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10
Q

compression of 3rd CN

A

pupil dilation

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11
Q

afferent projections of occulomotor

A

pretectal region

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12
Q

what is CN 3 in close contact with when comes out of interpendicular fossa

A

posterior cerebral and posterior communicating artery–> aneurysms

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13
Q

where is an area that extraoccular nerves are often damaged?

A

pituitary fossa or cavernous sinus

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14
Q

trochlear pathway

A

rostral pons/caudal midbrain (trochlear nucleus)

  • ->decussates in brainstem
  • ->exits from dorsal side brainstem at ponto-mesencephalic junction

*passes in lateral cavernous sinus

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15
Q

abducens pathway

A

caudal pons–>leaves brainstem at medullary pontine junction

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16
Q

saccadic eye movements

A

very rapid jump in eye to acquire new target or follow moving target

5th of a second processing delay

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17
Q

when extraoccular nerve damaged

A

drift TOWARDS muscle

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18
Q

voluntary eye movements

A

cerebral cortex/superior colliculus–> paramedian reticular formation

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19
Q

head turn vs saccade

A

head turns 20-40 ms after saccade

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20
Q

microsaccade

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A

keeps imagine from staying on same rod or cone too long

21
Q

Voluntary Horizontal Gaze pathway

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A

R frontal eye field of cerebral cortex –>right superior colliculus–decussate–>left paramedian pontine reticular formation–>left CNV1
..–> to L lateral rectus
..through MLF contralaterally to right CN III–>R medial rectus

TOWARDS the PPRF involved (towards left)

22
Q

sensory aspect of superior colliculus

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A

retina (vision)
inferior colliculus (sound)
spinal cord (somatic sensation)
cerebral cortex

23
Q

motor aspect of superior colliculus

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A

eye/head movements

from spinal cord (tectospinal tract) & brainstem (tectoreticular tract)

24
Q

medial longitudinal funiculus

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A

interconnects nuclei of extraoccular muscles to coordinate conjugate eye movements

25
damage to MLF
internuclear opthalmoplegia | eye movement laterally is not followed by medial movement of other eye
26
voluntary vertical gaze pathway
diffuse areas of cerebral cortex -->rostral interstital nucleus --> posterior commissure for upgaze OR -->CN III and IV
27
parinaud-Syndrome
eyes retract in back of head when try to look up | -->due to pressure from expanding mass dorsal to midbrain
28
Progressive supranuclear palsy
patient cant look up or down voluntarilly, but when head is flexed or extended, eyes can move in these directions degenreation of vertical gaze center
29
vertical gaze center
rostral interstitial nucleus
30
vestibulooccular reflex
eye movements in response to change in head
31
vestibuloccular reflex pathway
``` CNVII -->flocculus -->vestibular nucleus OR -->vestibular nucleus -->CN VI, PPRF --MLF-->CN III, IV ```
32
damage to vestibuloccular reflex
nystagmus - -drift of eyes as if eyes head was moving - -triggers rapid saccadic eye movement to original target - - jerky, repetitive eye movement
33
tracking
eyes move smoothly only when you are tracking or when your head is moving voluntarily but needs a stimulus
34
smooth pursuit/tracking pathway
``` occipital eye field -->pontine nucleus OR -->frontal eye movt-->pontine nucleus -->middle cerebellar peduncle -->contralateral flocculus -->inferior cerebral peduncle -->ipsilateral vestibular complex -->CN VI, PPRF (bilaterally) --MLF-->CN III, CN IV ```
35
occipital eye fields are not
well defined in occipital lobe --region near junction of occipital lobes with posterior parietal and temporal lobe includes areas involved in interpreting movement of objects
36
fixation and optokinetic reflexes
use same wiring as smooth pursuit
37
fixation
ability to fixate on a moving target | --complements vestibulooccular to stabilize eyes
38
optokinetic
involves fixation on objects that are moving in relation to the head (like when moving in a car)-eyes tracking object involuntarily for a distance and saccade in opposite direction to re-aqcuire target
39
if one visua cortex is damage
opto is damaged in that nystagmus is lost when bjects move TOWRDS side of damaged cortex lesion (away from side of vision loss)
40
vergence
convergence or divergence of eyes in order to focus close-up or off in a distance
41
vergence pathway
occipital cortical projections-->vergence center in mesencephalic RF
42
vergence is wire in parallel with
accomodation | --pupillary constriction and contraction of cillary muscle occurs at same time to allow for close focus
43
pupillary light reflex
bilateral constriction of pupil in response to light stimulus R retina-->R pretectal nuclei-->R edinger westphal OR L edinger westphal (through posterior commissure)
44
pendular nystagmus
oscillations equal in both directions | NOT due to CNS or vestibular damage
45
jerk nystagmus
slow and fast component | indicates problem with vestibular system (iinner ear nerves, nerves to flocculus, vest nuclei, MLF)
46
slow component is
imbalance in vestibular nuclei
47
fast component
awareness of cerebral cortex and evoke fixation
48
vertical gaze center
rostral interstial nucleus of MLF
49
horizontal gaze center
PPRFe

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