Cerebellum

Question 1

Develops from the rhombic lips of the metencephalon

Answer 1

Cerebellum

Question 2

Lies in the posterior cranial fossa deep to the occipital bone and is separated from the cerebrum by the tentorium cerebelli

Answer 2

Cerebellum

Question 3

The cerebellum has three anatomical lobes, which are the

Answer 3

Anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular lobe

Question 4

The three anatomical lobes are divided by two fissures, the

Answer 4

Primary and posterolateral cerebellar fissures

Question 5

The cerebellum has three functional vertical zones called the

Answer 5

Vermis, Paravermis (PV), and Hemisphere (H, also known as lateral) zones

Question 6

The cerebellum has three pairs of deep nuclei called the

Answer 6

Fastigial, Interposed (globose and emboliform) and dentate nuclei

Question 7

The cerebellum can be divided into subdivisions based on inputs. It is subdivided into

Answer 7

Spinocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum, and vestibulocerebellum

Question 8

Inputs into the cerebellum have which type of organization?

Answer 8

“Fractured” topographic organization

Question 9

Cerebellar zones and associated deep cerebellar nuclei are responsible for different functions and will influence different

Answer 9

Motor Pathways

Question 10

Function in motor planning for extremities

Answer 10

Lateral Hemispheres

Question 11

Function in distal limb coordination

Answer 11

Intermediate (paravermal) hemispheres

Question 12

Functions in proximal limb and trunk coordination as well as balance and vestibuloocular reflexes

Answer 12

Vermis and flocculonodular lobe

Question 13

The cerebellum is anchored to the brainstem by three peduncles called the

Answer 13

Superior, middle, and inferior peduncles

Question 14

What are the three arteries that supply the cerebellum?

Answer 14

Superior cerebellar artery (SCA), anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Question 15

Modifies motor commands to increase accuracy and allow adaptation of movements

Answer 15

Cerebellum

Question 16

Functions in coordination of voluntary movements and fine motor control

Answer 16

Cerebellum

Question 17

The cerebellum provides feedback, which is sensory information that is used to guide

Answer 17

Movement in real time

Question 18

The cerebellum also provides a proactive process that uses experience to anticipate of a movement should be done. This is called

Answer 18

Feed forward

Question 19

The cerebellum is closely aligned with motor performance, but it DOES NOT

Answer 19

Initiate movement or directly control musculature

Question 20

“Fine tunes” motor output to make fluid movements but does NOT produce movement

Answer 20

Cerebellum

Question 21

Located in the inferior and middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 21

Inputs to the cerebellum

Question 22

Signal moves from the cerebral cortex and synapses at the pontine nuclei before passing to the contralateral middle cerebral peduncle

Answer 22

Cerebrocerebellar tract

Question 23

Functions to bring a copy of the planned efferent motor output (corticospinal tract)

Answer 23

Corticocerebellar tract

Question 24

Brings afferent information about lower limb sensation to cerebellum

Answer 24

Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract

Question 25

Brings afferent information about upper limb sensation to cerebellum

Answer 25

Cuneocerebellar tract

Question 26

Brings afferent information about balance, posture, and visual fixations to the cerebellum

Answer 26

Vestibulocerebellar Input

Question 27

Functions in cerebellar motor learning and memory

Answer 27

Olivocerebellar Tract

Question 28

The cerebellar cortex has 3 layers, each with different types of cells. What are the three layers?

Answer 28

Molecular layer, purkinje layer, and Granule layer

Question 29

What are the three cell types in the molecular layer?

Answer 29

Stellate and basket cells, and purkinje dendrites

Question 30

Which cells are in the purkinje layer?

Answer 30

Purkinje cells

Question 31

Which cells are in the granule layer?

Answer 31

Granule and Golgi Cells

Question 32

The general rule is that projections ascending are

Answer 32

Excitatory

Question 33

The general rule is that projections descending are

Answer 33

Inhibitory

Question 34

Will project to the deep cerebellar nuclei associated with their cerebellar cortex vertical zone

Answer 34

Purkinje Cells

Question 35

Will then project out of the cerebellum to their respective places

Answer 35

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

Question 36

Outputs from the cerebellum are located in the

Answer 36

Superior cerebellar peduncle and the juxtarestiform body

Question 37

Influence motor planning (premotor cortex)

Answer 37

Dentate nuclei

Question 38

Influence the motor execution of distal limbs

Answer 38

Interposed nuclei

Question 39

Influences motor execution of proximal limbs and trunk (motor cortex and brainstem)

Answer 39

Fastigial Nuclei

Question 40

Functions to influence balance and ocular movements

Answer 40

Flocculonodular lobe & Inferior vermis

Question 41

Bypasses the deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 41

Flocculonodular lobe & Inferior vermis

Question 42

Movements have a wavering course with truncal and/or appendicular

Answer 42

Ataxia

Question 43

Nystagmus and movements that "over-shoot" or "undershoot" are characteristic of

Answer 43

Cerebellar lesions

Question 44

Affect mainly distal limb coordination and motor planning

Answer 44

Lateral Cerebellar Lesions

Question 45

Affect mainly trunk control, posture, balance and gait

Answer 45

Medial Cerebellar Lesions

Question 46

Occur ipsilateral to lesion because cerebellar outputs decussate prior to the thalamus, then motor outputs decussate back to the original side (“double-cross”)

Answer 46

Deficits

Question 47

Rare autosomal recessive neuro-degenerative disease with cerebellar ataxia, sensory loss, and muscle weakness

Answer 47

Friedreich ataxia

Question 48

Involves degeneration spinocerebellar tracts (cerebellar ataxia), DCMLS (loss of vibration and proprioception) and LCST (UMN symptoms)

Answer 48

Friedreich ataxia

Question 49

General ataxia, gait ataxia, affects legs > arms, broad based- staggering gait

Answer 49

Anterior lobe syndrome

Question 50

Anterior lobe syndrome is caused by

Answer 50

Toxin ingestion

Question 51

Causes Thiamine (B1) deficiency (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) memory impairment, confusion, gait ataxia and oculomotor disorders (nystagmus)

Answer 51

Anterior lobe syndrome