Cerebellum

Question 1

What kind of work/function does the cerebellum do?

Answer 1

sensorimotor integration

Question 2

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 2

maintaining balance and posture, regulating eye movement, coordinating ongoing movement/sequencing in time/space, motor planning and learning, coordination and sequencing of cognitive processing

Question 3

Lesions in the cerebellar leads to what?

Answer 3

ataxia- uncoordinated movements

Question 4

Key number for the structures in the cerebellum?

Answer 4

3

Question 5

What are the structures of the cerebellum?

Answer 5

3 pairs of cerebellar peduncles, 3 lobes, 3 functional and anatomical divisions, 3 cell layers in the cerebellar cortex

Question 6

How many cerebellar nuclei are in the core of the white matter?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

What is the exception to the rule of 3 for the cerebellum?

Answer 7

there are 4 cerebellar nuclei

Question 8

How is the cerebellum anchored to the brainstem?

Answer 8

peduncles

Question 9

What are the lobes and fissures of the cerebellum?

Answer 9

anterior lobe, primary fissure, posterior lobe, posterolateral fissure, flocculonodular lobe, horizontal fissure

Question 10

What are the components of the flocculonodular lobe?

Answer 10

flocculus and nodule

Question 11

What are the zones of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 11

vermis (medial), intermediate (paravermis), hemisphere (lateral)

Question 12

What are the nuclei of the cerebellar?

Answer 12

fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate

Question 13

Which cerebellar nuclei inhibits target GABA?

Answer 13

fastigial nucleus

Question 14

What nuclei’s action is to excite targets using glutamate or aspartate?

Answer 14

globose, emboliform and dentate nuclei

Question 15

What supplies the medial part of inf. cerebellum?

Answer 15

PICA

Question 16

What supplies the lateral areas of inf. cerebellar surface?

Answer 16

AICA

Question 17

What supplies the nuclei and the superior and middle cerebellar peduncles of the cerebellum?

Answer 17

superior cerebellar artery

Question 18

What type of cell is in the intermediate layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 18

purkinje cells

Question 19

What type of cells are in the deep layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 19

granule cell

Question 20

What are the only cells that exit the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 20

purkinje cells

Question 21

What is the function of golgi cells?

Answer 21

inhibitory interneurons deep to purkinje cells

Question 22

What are the inhibitory interneurons of the molecular layer?

Answer 22

stellate and basket cells

Question 23

What are the excitatory neurons in the cerebellar cortex that form parallel fibers that synapse on the purkinje cell dendrites?

Answer 23

granule cells

Question 24

What fiber types ascend through cerebellar white matter to form excitatory synapses onto dendrites of granule cells and golgi cells?

Answer 24

mossy fibers

Question 25

What do climbing fibers synapse with?

Answer 25

10 purkinje cells

Question 26

What modulates the output of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 26

multilayered fibers

Question 27

What is the central element of the cerebellar glomerulus and what is it modulated by?

Answer 27

mossy fiber rosette; golgi cells

Question 28

What is a mossy fiber rosette?

Answer 28

many branches in granular layer at terminal of mossy fiber rosette in a cerebellar glomerulus

Question 29

Where does the input to the cerebellum come from?

Answer 29

mossy and climbing fibers

Question 30

What is the output from the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 30

purkinje cells

Question 31

What is the output from the deep cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 31

via deep cerebellar neurons

Question 32

What are the 3 functional cerebellar modules?

Answer 32

vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, pontocerebellum

Question 33

What functional module regulates balance & eye movement and causes balance, gait, trunk ataxia and eye movement problems if lesioned?

Answer 33

vestibulocerebellum

Question 34

What functional cerebellar module regulates body and limb movements, anticipates body position during movement and can cause gait instability if lesioned?

Answer 34

spinocerebellum

Question 35

What functional cerebellar module is involved in learning and planning movement and evaluating proprioception information?

Answer 35

pontocerebellum

Question 36

What does a lesion of the pontocerebellum cause?

Answer 36

dysmetria and breakdown fo motor timing

Question 37

What is the cerebellar nuclei of the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 37

fastigial nucleus

Question 38

What is the cerebellar nuclei of the spinocerebellum?

Answer 38

globose and emboliform nuclei

Question 39

What is the cerebellar nuclei of the pontocerebellum?

Answer 39

dentate nucleus

Question 40

Where is the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 40

flocculonodular lobe

Question 41

Where is the spinocerebellum?

Answer 41

ant. lobe and vermal and paravermal zones of the cortex

Question 42

Where is the pontocerebellum?

Answer 42

post. lob

Question 43

In addition to the vestibulocerebellar fibers bringing input to the vestibulocerebellar inputs, what else provides input?

Answer 43

olivocerebellar fibers and pontocerebellar fibers

Question 44

What are the major fts of damage to the vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodule lobe)?

Answer 44

truncal ataxia (unsteady learching gait) and nystagmus and deficits in pursuit eye movement

Question 45

The tracts of the spinocerebellum inputs differ how?

Answer 45

posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tracts are for LE and caudal trunk; cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tracts are for UE

Question 46

Other inputs to cerebellum (4)

Answer 46

olivocerebellar fibers, pontocerebellar fibers, vestibulocerebellar and reticulocerebellar fibers

Question 47

The spinocerebellum output is for what control?

Answer 47

axial musculature and limb control

Question 48

Damage to the pontocerebellum (lateral cerebellum)

Answer 48

unsteady gait and leaning/falling to a side, ataxia in extremities, dec. tendon reflexes and muscle tone

Question 49

Cerebellar lesions cause what relative to the lesion?

Answer 49

ipsilateral ataxia, unsteady gait (truncal ataxia) and eye movement abnormalities with vertigo, nausea and vomiting and ataxia of the limbs (appendicular ataxia)

Question 50

Types of tremor

Answer 50

intention tremor and static tremor

Question 51

intention tremor

Answer 51

obvious when pt voluntarily moves toward target

Question 52

static tremor

Answer 52

when pt stands with UE extended there is a rhythmic movement of shoulders and UE

Question 53

In addition to tremors from a cerebellar lesion what are other clinical signs?

Answer 53

can’t do heel-to-shin test, heel-to-toe test or finger-nose-finger test due to dysmetria (past pointing, over/undershooting), eye movement abnormalities such as nystagmus, disdiadochokinesia and ataxia

Question 54

What is disdiadochokinesia?

Answer 54

clinical sign of cerebellar lesion when pt has difficulty performing rapid, alternating movements such as pronation-supination