Neuro Intro

Question 1

Fiber origin of sympathetic division

Answer 1

thoracolumbar region of spinal cord (thoracolumbar outflow)

Question 2

Fiber origin of parasympathetic division

Answer 2

brain and sacral spinal cord (craniosacral outflow)

Question 3

Lengths of preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in sympathetic

Answer 3

short, long

Question 4

Lengths of preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in parasympathetic

Answer 4

long, short

Question 5

Location of ganglia for sympathetic

Answer 5

close to spinal cord

Question 6

Location of ganglia for parasympathetic

Answer 6

visceral effector organ

Question 7

Gray matter composition and location in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 7

neuron cell bodies; outer portion of cerebrum and throughout all parts of brain; inner portion of spinal cord

Question 8

What is white matter mostly made up of?

Answer 8

myelinated axons (covered in glial sheath)

Question 9

Where is white matter in the spinal cord and brain?

Answer 9

outer portion; inner portion throughout brain

Question 10

What’s the glial sheath?

Answer 10

myelin that covers white matter

Question 11

What is a collection of neuronal cell bodies in PNS?

Answer 11

ganglion

Question 12

Whats a bundle of fibers in the PNS?

Answer 12

nerve

Question 13

What a collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS?

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

What’s a bundle of fibers in the CNS?

Answer 14

tract

Question 15

Why is the longitudinal axis of the forebrain tilted forward?

Answer 15

cephalic flexure from embryogenesis

Question 16

Above the midbrain…anterior=?

Answer 16

rostral

Question 17

Above the midbrain…posterior=?

Answer 17

caudal

Question 18

Above the midbrain…superior=?

Answer 18

dorsal

Question 19

Above the midbrain…inferior=?

Answer 19

ventral

Question 20

Below the midbrain…anterior=?

Answer 20

ventral

Question 21

Below the midbrain…posterior=?

Answer 21

dorsal

Question 22

Below the midbrain…superior=?

Answer 22

rostal

Question 23

Below the midbrain…inferior=?

Answer 23

caudal

Question 24

Gyri and sulci are a part of what?

Answer 24

cortex in the telencephalon

Question 25

The largest is the internal capsule that contrains fibers passing to and from the cerebral cortex

Answer 25

subcortical white matter of telencephalon

Question 26

This part of the telencephalon is involved in motor function

Answer 26

basal nuclei (ganglion)

Question 27

All sensory info except for what travels to the cerebral cortex through the thalamus?

Answer 27

olfaction

Question 28

Relay center

Answer 28

thalamus

Question 29

What helps create smooth purposeful movements? What input does it recieve?

Answer 29

thalamus; pathways with positino sense and tension in muscle or tendons

Question 30

What functions is the hypothalamus involved in? (4)

Answer 30

sexual behavior, feeding, hormonal output of pituitary gland, body temperature regulation

Question 31

What are the thalamus and hypothalamus a part of?

Answer 31

diencephalon

Question 32

What is the brainstem connected to the cerebellum by?

Answer 32

cerebellar peduncles

Question 33

What structures make up the brainstem?

Answer 33

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, part of the central canal, 4th ventricle, cerebral aqueduct

Question 34

What contains the respiratory and cardiovascular centers?

Answer 34

brainstem

Question 35

What part of the motor system coordinates activity to produce smooth, purposeful synergistic movements?

Answer 35

cerebellum

Question 36

What type are the most mammalian neurons? Describe its structure

Answer 36

multipolar- several dendrites and axon collaterals arising off single axon from a cell body

Question 37

Describe bipolar neurons.

Answer 37

single dendrite and single axon

Question 38

Describe pseudounipolar neurons

Answer 38

single process that bifurcates into 2 processes

Question 39

Describe unipolar neurons

Answer 39

single process, most common in invertebrates

Question 40

What do glial cells include in the CNS?

Answer 40

astrocytes (macroglia), microglial cells, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells

Question 41

What do glial cells include in the PNS?

Answer 41

schwann cells and satellite cells

Question 42

What direction is afferent?

Answer 42

toward

Question 43

What direction is efferent?

Answer 43

away

Question 44

What is the simplest reflex arc and what is it composed of? When is it used?

Answer 44

monosynaptic reflex arc composed of 2 neurons for involuntary response to sensory input

Question 45

areflexia

Answer 45

lack reflex

Question 46

hyporeflexia

Answer 46

weakend reflex

Question 47

hyperreflexia

Answer 47

excessive active reflex

Question 48

Whats the difference between a pathway and a system?

Answer 48

a pathway refers to a series of neurons that carry a specific type of information; a system refers to all the neurons in a pathway that conducts a specific type of information

Question 49

Upper motor neurons project...

Answer 49

from cerebral cortex down to the spinal cord or brainstem

Question 50

Lower motor neurons are located...

Answer 50

in the ant. gray horns or brainstem motor nuclei

Question 51

What detects stimulus and cell body is in the dorsal root canglion?

Answer 51

primary neuron

Question 52

What acts as a relay and is located in either the spinal cord or brainstem?

Answer 52

secondary neuron

Question 53

What neuron is housed in the thalamus?

Answer 53

tertiary neuron

Question 54

Symptom

Answer 54

experienced by the pt

Question 55

Sign

Answer 55

observed by the health care professional

Question 56

Where is the lesion when defects are on the same side of the head and body?

Answer 56

cerebral hemisphere

Question 57

Where is the lesion when the defect is on opposite side of the body and head?

Answer 57

brainstem

Question 58

Where is the lesion when there are only deficits in the body?

Answer 58

spinal cord