Cerebellum

Question 1

what two structures carry input to the cerebellum

Answer 1

inferior cerebellar penduncle

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 2

what structure carries output from the cerebellum

Answer 2

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 3

what is the major pathway from the spine to the cerebellum

Answer 3

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 4

what structure carries input from the pons to the cerebellum? is it contra or ipsilateral

Answer 4

middle cerebellar peduncle carries input from the contralateral pons

Question 5

what are climbing fibers

Answer 5

axons from the inferior olivary nucleus to the cerebellum

Question 6

what are mossy fibers

Answer 6

axons from all inputs other than the inferior olivary nucleus to the cerebellum

Question 7

what do Purkinje cells do

Answer 7

modify movement by releasing GABA

project to deep nuclei

Question 8

what are the four deep nuclei of the cerebellum

Answer 8

dentate
eboliform
globose
fastigial

Question 9

where do axons from the dentate nucleus project

Answer 9

to VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus

Question 10

where do axons from the eboliform and globose nuclei project

Answer 10

contralateral red nucleus

Question 11

where do axons from the fastigial nucleus project

Answer 11

vestibular nuclei

reticular formation

Question 12

where is proprioceptive information carried from the spinal cord to the cerebellum

Answer 12

within the ispilateral inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 13

what is the route of the axons of deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 13

cerebellum => superior cerebellar peduncle => red nucleus or thalamus

Question 14

does the cerebellum control movement of the ipsilateral or contralateral side

Answer 14

IPSILATERAL

Question 15

what two structures are affected in a lateral cerebellar lesion

Answer 15

cerebellar hemispheres

dentate nucleus

Question 16

what are the sxs of a lateral cerebellar lesion

Answer 16

uncoordination of ipsilateral extremities (direction, force and speed of movements)
fall toward lesion
intention tremor

Question 17

what structures are affected in a medial cerebellar lesion

Answer 17

vermis
eboliform, globus and fastigial nuclei
floculonodular trunk

Question 18

what are the sxs of a medial cerebellar lesion

Answer 18

truncal ataxia
nystagmus
vertigo

Question 19

what cerebellar lesion can cause paralysis

Answer 19

NO CEREBELLAR LESIONS CAUSE PARALYSIS

Question 20

what is the order of deep nuclei of the cerebellum from medial to lateral

Answer 20

fastigial
globose
eboliform
dentate

Question 21

what are the three layers of cerebellar grey matter

Answer 21

molecular layer
purkinje layer
granular layer

Question 22

what cells are found in the molecular layer

Answer 22

stellate and basket cells

Question 23

what are the only excitatory cells of the cerebellar grey matter

Answer 23

granule cells

Question 24

what NT is released by granule cells

Answer 24

glutamate

Question 25

what are the output cells of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 25

purkinje cells

Question 26

what neurons within the cerebellum release GABA

Answer 26

purkinje cells golgi cells basket cells stellate cells

Question 27

where do stellate cells synapse

Answer 27

ONLY with purkinje cells

Question 28

what two cell types inhibit purkinje cells

Answer 28

stellate and basket cells

Question 29

where is structure from which climibing fibers originate found?

Answer 29

inferior olivary nucleus in the medulla

Question 30

where do mossy fibers synapse

Answer 30

with granulocytes

Question 31

what afferent fibers of the cerebellum have excitatory influence on purkinje cells

Answer 31

climbing fibers

Question 32

what afferent fibers of the cerebellum carry information regarding movement errors

Answer 32

climbing fibers

Question 33

what are the functional divisions of the cerebellum

Answer 33

vestibulocerebellum spinocerebellum pontocerebellum

Question 34

what structures are inhibited by purkinje cells

Answer 34

cerebellar and vestibular nuclei

Question 35

what is the vestibulocerebellum synonymous with

Answer 35

flocculonodular lobe

Question 36

from what structures does the vestibulocerebellum receive info

Answer 36

vestibular nuclei CN VIII visual areas

Question 37

what is the function of the vestibulocerebellum

Answer 37

coordinate eye movements and postural muscles of head and trunk

Question 38

what structures make up the spinocerebellum

Answer 38

vermis | paravermal region

Question 39

from what structures does the spinocerebellum receive info

Answer 39

anterior spinocerebellar tract posterior spinocerebellar tract cuneocerebellar tract

Question 40

what is the function of the spinocerebellum

Answer 40

axial and LE movement | ex. gait and station

Question 41

from what structures does the cerebrocerebellum receive info

Answer 41

cerebral cortex info via PONTINE NUCLEI cortico-pontocerebellar tract cortico-olivocerebellar tract cortico-reticulocerebellar tract

Question 42

what is the function of the cerebrocerebellum

Answer 42

coordination of movements of the extremities (esp. UE)

Question 43

what information is carried by the posterior spinocerebellar tract

Answer 43

unconcious proprioception from LE

Question 44

where do the first and second order neurons of the posterior spinocerebellar tract synapse

Answer 44

1st) DRG | 2nd) nucleus dorsalis of clarke

Question 45

through what structures do the first and second order neurons of the posterior spinocerebellar tract ascend

Answer 45

1st) fasciculus gracilis | 2nd) dorsolateral funiculus

Question 46

what information is carried by the cuneocerebellar tract

Answer 46

unconscious proprioception from UE

Question 47

where do the first and second order neurons of the cuneocerebellar tract synapse

Answer 47

1) DRG | 2) accessory cuneate nucleus

Question 48

through what structure does the first order neuron of the cuneocerebellar tract ascend

Answer 48

1) fasciculus cuneatus

Question 49

afferent fibers from what tract enter through the superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 49

anterior spinocerebellar tract

Question 50

how can you differentiate between sensory and cerebellar ataxia using rombergs test

Answer 50

In sensory ataxia, pt can stand with eyes open but not closed in cerebellar ataxia, pt cant stand with feet together with eyes open or closed

Question 51

where is the lesion in appendicular ataxia

Answer 51

cerebrocerebellum (lateral lesion)

Question 52

a lesion to what structure results in dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 52

cerebrocerebellum

Question 53

what is dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 53

inability to rapidly alternate movements

Question 54

how would a pt with a lesion of the cerebrocerebellum present

Answer 54

- dysdiadochokinesia - dysmetria (positive finger-to-nose test) - intention tremor - dysarthria (scanning speech) - staggering gait

Question 55

what findings are present in truncal instability

Answer 55

inability to tandem walk titubation wide based gait

Question 56

lesion to what structures cause midline ataxia

Answer 56

vestibulocerebellum | spinocerebellum

Question 57

lesion to what cerebellar structure causes nystagmus

Answer 57

vestibulocerebellum

Question 58

what are the interposed nuclei

Answer 58

globose and eboliform

Question 59

what region of the cerebellum coordinates eye,neck and trunk movements

Answer 59

vestibulocerebellum

Question 60

what region of the cerebellum coordinates gait and station

Answer 60

spinocerebellum

Question 61

what region of the cerebellum coordinates movements of the UE

Answer 61

cerebrocerebellum

Question 62

what two structures make up the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 62

restiform and juxtarestiform bodies

Question 63

fibers from what nuclei enter the cerebellar cortex via the juxtarestiform body

Answer 63

vestibular nuclei

Question 64

what tract decussates twice

Answer 64

ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract