Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > Cerebellum, third and fourth ventricle > Flashcards

Cerebellum, third and fourth ventricle Flashcards

1
Q

why is cerebellum the largest part of the hindbrain?

A
  • it accounts for 10% of the brain’s volume

- consists of most the neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the function of cerebellum?

A

coordination of movement and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of vermis?

A

it joins the two ovoid hemisphere in the midline of the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the peduncles?

A

it attached the brainstem to each side of cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of cerebral aqueduct?

A

it runs through the midbrain and connects the third and fourth ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do you identify these structures?
red nucleus
substantia nigra

A

red nucleus - a circular mass of grey matter that is ventro lateral to the cerebral aqueduct
substantia nigra - a black band of nerve cells overlying the crus cerebri, ventrolateral to the red nucleus on each side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how would you identify the tonsil on cerebellum?

A

a prominent rounded swelling on cerebellum anteriorly and medially on either side of the vermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the significance of flocculo-nodular lobe?

A
  • flocculus (laterally) connected to nodule (medially, below vermis) is called floccular nodular lobe
  • it is essential because it concerned with vestibular formation (which is associated with equilibrium)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which parts of the BS does the superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles connect with?

A

superior cerebellar peduncle - connects the cerebellum to midbrain
middle cerebellar peduncle - connects the cerebellum to pons
inferior cerebellar peduncle - connects the cerebellum to medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of spinocerebellar tracts?

A

spinocerebellar - sensory input for balance and position;

  • 2 types: dorsal and ventral
  • dorsal spinocerebellar tract - ipsilateral: travels to inferior cerebellar peduncle
  • ventral spinocerebellar tract - contralateral: travels to superior cerebellar peduncle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of vestibulocerebellar and corticopontocerebellar tracts?

A

vestibulocerebellar tract - vestibular impulses from labyrinth directly - travels to the inferior cerebellar peduncle
corticopontocerebellar (rubrothalamic) tract - information from motor cortex of motor plan, the same information goes to spine - travels to the middle cerebellar peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which is the largest cerebellar nuclei and what is its function?

A
  • dentate nucleus: most lateral of deep cerebellar nuclei
  • zig-zag edged oval mass
  • major fibres pass into the superior cerebellar peduncle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the rhomboid fossa?

A

it is diamond shaped floor of IVth ventricle limited laterally by cerebral peduncles and posteriorly by gracile and cuneate tubercles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of median sulcus on the floor of IVth ventricle?

A

divides the rhomboid fossa into triangular left and right halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where to find the following with the respect to the cranial nucleus?

  1. vestibular trigone
  2. vagal trigone
  3. hypoglossal trigone
  4. facial collucli
A
  1. vestibular trigone - lateral triangular area overlying the CN8 nucleus
  2. vagal trigone - intermediate triangular area overlying the overlying the CN10 nucleus
  3. hypoglossal trigone - medial triangular area overlying the CN12 nucleus
  4. facial collucli - rounded swelling on pons, the facial nerves passes over it but has the facial nerve nuclei
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where can you find the obex?

A

at the inferior apex of rhomboid fossa

17
Q

what is the area posterma? and why is it important?

A
  • a small tongue shaped area anterior-lateral to the obex

- associated with nausea control, a chemoreceptive trigger zone for emetic (vomiting) response

18
Q

what is the function of the following sulcus?

  1. central sulcus
  2. parieto-occipital sulcus
  3. calacrine sulcus
A
  1. central sulcus - separates the frontal and parietal lobe
  2. parieto-occipital sulcus - separates the parietal and occipital lobe
  3. calcarine sulcus - separates the occipital and temporal lobe
19
Q

what is the function of interventricular foramen?

A
  • allows the CSF flow from lateral ventricles to 3rd ventricle
  • it is filled filled with choroid plexus
20
Q

what is corpus callosum? what is the function of corpus callosum?

A
  • it is a broad arched band of white matter

- the largest of fibre bundles connecting the two halves of the brain

21
Q

what are the four main regions of corpus callosum?

A
  1. genu - the anterior curved of CC
  2. rostrum - below the genu
  3. body - the central part of CC
  4. splenium - the posterior rounded end of CC
22
Q

what is fornix and what is its function?

A
  • a bundle of white fibres under the corpus callosum

- connects the hippocampus with the diencephalon and pre-commisural fibres

23
Q

where is thalamus? what is its function?

A
  • at the dorsal part of diencephalon

- major subcortical relay station for information ascending to the cerebral cortex

24
Q

where is hypothalamus?

A
  • at the ventral part of diencephalon

- contributes to the body homeostasis, control the autonomic nervous and neuroendocrine systems

25
Q

what connects different area of the cortex?

A

myelinated axons

26
Q

what are the main types of fibres and what are its functions?

A
  1. association fibres: links cortical regions in one cerebral hemisphere
  2. commissural fibres: links similar function region in two hemisphere e.g. corpus callosum
  3. projection fibres: links cortex with subcortical regions such as the thalamus and SC via the internal capsule and corona radiata
27
Q

what are the two basic functions of cerebral hemisphere?

A
  1. to bring together the separate representations of two halves of the brain, the visual and auditory system
  2. to unite areas of cortex which have functions specialised to one hemisphere
28
Q

which one is dominant hemisphere and what is it responsible for?

A

left hemisphere is dominant and is responsible for language

right hemisphere is non-dominant

29
Q

what happens if the corpus callosum is damaged?

A
  • this would demonstrate sperry split brain phenomenon
  • each hemisphere would behave autonomously
  • lack of cross integration where the second hemisphere does not know hat the first hemisphere is doing
  • for e.g. if a reading and naming stimuli is presented to the left visual field, the individual are unable to read/write/name as this would be directed to the right hemisphere (non-dominant) which does not evoke a verbal response
30
Q

what is the function of superior and inferior collucli?

A

superior collucli - visual system through lateral geniculate body
inferior collucli - auditory system through medial geniculate body

31
Q

what is the difference between primary fissure and horizontal fissure?

A

primary fissure - seperates anterior lobe and posterior lobe

horizontal fissure - seperates middle and posterior lobe

32
Q

how to identify the following?

  1. basilar sulcus
  2. bulbopontine sulcus
  3. anterior median fissure
  4. pyramids
  5. olive
A
  1. basilar sulcus - on the midline of pons
  2. bulbopontine sulcus - junction b/w pons and medulla
  3. anterior median fissure - divides the medulla
  4. pyramids - medially
  5. olive - laterally
33
Q

how to identify the gracile and cuneate tubercles?

A
  • below the rhomboid fossa
  • dorsal column nuclei, involved in medial lemniscus pathway
  • gracile tubercle - medial, lower limbs
  • cuneate tubercle - lateral, upper limb
34
Q

what is the significance of medullary striae?

A

divide the floor of ventricle into rostral pontine half and caudal medullary half

35
Q

where is locus coerulus? and what is its function?

A
  • behind rostral pons

- function: produces NA - stress response + arousal

36
Q

where to identify the anterior commissure?

A

below the anterior end of fornix

37
Q

Outline the pathway of CSF flow

A

Lateral ventricle -> interventricular foramen (foramen of munroe) -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> central canal -> subarchanoid space

38
Q

where is the crus cerebri?

A

anterior portion of cerebral peduncle contains the motor tracts, travelling from cerebral cortex to pons and spine

39
Q

where to identify the anterior and posterior commissure?

A

anterior commissure - in front (anterior) of the columns of fornix, connects the two hemisphere
posterior commissure - below the fornix in the third ventricle

Neuroanatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions