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1B Neurology & Neuroscience > Cerebral vasculature > Flashcards

Cerebral vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage resources does brain use?

A

brain makes up 2% body weight

uses 10-20% cardiac output

20% oxygen consumption

66% liver glucose

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2
Q

what are the arteries leading to the brain?

A
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3
Q

what are the arteries in the circle of willis?

A
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4
Q

what is the venous drainage of the brain?

A

cerebral veins -> venous sinuses in dura mater -> internal jugular vein

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5
Q

where do the dural venous sinuses lie?

A

dural venous sinuses lie between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater

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6
Q

what are the different venous sinuses?

A
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7
Q

what are the types of intracranial hemorrhage?

A

extradural

subdural

subarachnoid

intracerebral

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8
Q

what are the factors of extradural haemorrhage?

A

trauma cause

immediate clinical effects (arterial high pressure)

high BP in arteries -> between meninges-middle meningeal artery (PTERION= weakness) -> rupture -> dura stripped -> skull compression

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9
Q

what are the factors of subdural clinical effects?

A

trauma causes

can be delayed clinical effects

slow accumulation of blood in subdural space -> rupture of veins

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10
Q

what is the cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

ruptured aneurysms- in subdural space where CSF flows

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11
Q

what is the case of intracerebral hemorrhage?

A

spontaneous hypertensive rupture of small vessels

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12
Q

what is the classic symptom of a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

thunderclap headache

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13
Q

what are the layers after the skull?

A
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14
Q

what is a stroke?

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

rapidly developing focal disturbance of brain function of presumed vascular origin and of >24 hours

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15
Q

what are the types of CVA?

A

thrombo-embolic (85%) or haemorrhage (15%)

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16
Q

what is a TIA?

A

transient ischemic attack

rapidly developing focal disturbance of brain function of presumed vascular origin that resolves completely within 24 hours

17
Q

what is an infarction?

A

degenerative changes which occur in tissue following occlusion of an artery

18
Q

what is cerebral ischemia?

A
  • Lack of sufficient blood supply to nervous tissue resulting in permanent damage if blood flow is not restored quickly
  • Not just oxygen- everything (e.g. glucose)
19
Q

what are the factors of a thromboembolic stroke?

A
  • Thrombosis
    • Formation of a blood clot (thrombus)
  • Embolism
    • Plugging of small vessel by material carried from larger vessel
    • E.g. thrombi from heart of atherosclerotic debris from internal carotid
20
Q

what is the rate of disability following stroke?

A

50% permanently disabled

70% obvious neurological deficit

21
Q

how common is a stroke?

A

3rd most common cuase of death

22
Q

what are the symptoms of a stroke?

A
  1. Face- asymmetry, loss innovation one side
  2. Arms- any paralysis or weakness on one side
  3. Speech- any impairment
23
Q

what are the risk factors for a stroke?

A
  1. Age
  2. Hypertension
  3. Cardiac disease
  4. Smoking
  5. Diabetes mellitus
24
Q

what are the different perfusion fields for cerebral arteries?

A
25
Q

what are the symptoms of anterior cerebral artery stroke?

A
  1. Paralysis of contralateral structures (leg>arm, face- also supplied by middle cerebral artery)
  2. Disturbance of intellect, executive function & judgement
    1. Breakdown frontal lobe function is known as abulia
  3. Loss of appropriate social behaviour
26
Q

what are the symptoms of middle cerebral artery stroke?

A

classic stroke

  1. Contra lateral hemiplegia (arm>leg)
  2. Contralateral hemisensory deficits
  3. Hemianopia
  4. Aphasia (L-sided lesion)
27
Q

what are the symptoms of posterior cerebral artery stroke?

A
  1. Visual defects
    1. Homonymous hemianopia
    2. Visual agnosia
      1. Prosopagnosia-inability to recognise faces

1B Neurology & Neuroscience (14 decks)

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