Cerebrovascular Disease Flashcards
(39 cards)
Critical level of cerebral blood flow for infarction?
23 mL/100g/min
Normal level of Cerebral blood flow
55 ml/10g/min
Reduction of cerebral blood flow to this level causes infarction, almost regardless of its duration
10-12 ml/100g/min
A cerebral blood flow of this range causes marked ATP depletion, increased intracellular K, increase in intracellular Ca, cellular acidosis, invariably leading to histologic signs of necrosis
a. 3-5 mL/100g/min
b. 6-8 mL/100g/min
c. 10-12 mL/100g/min
d. 12-23 mL/100g/min
b. 6-8 mL/100g/min
page 811
Type of edema that occurs in cerebral infarction
cytotoxic edema
The following are changes that occur in the infarcted tissue at critical levels of cerebral blood flow, except:
a. increase in extracellular K
b. increase in intracellular K
c. increase in intracellular Ca
d. cellular acidosis
b. increase in intracellular K
These neurotransmitters play a role in stroke, formed from glycolytic intermediates of the Krebs Cycle and are released by ischemic cells, excite neurons and produce intracellular influx of Na and Ca
Glutamate and Aspartate
10% of cases of Fibromuscular dysplasia have been reported to be familial and associated with a variant of this gene
PHACTR1
Phosphatase and actin regulator 1 gene
Most frequently involved vessel in fibromuscular dysplasia
internal carotid artery
series of transverse constrictions appearing as an irregular string of beads or a smooth tubular narrowing is a radiographic feature of this disease
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Familial component has been suspected in Moyamoya disease at it is associated with this chromosome
Chromosome 17q
A wide degeneration of cerebral white matter having a vascular causation and observed in the context of hypertension, atherosclerosis of the small blood vessels and multiple strokes
Binswanger disease
Mutation associated with CADASIL
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
Chromosome 19 of the NOTCH 3 gene
Pathologic finding in skin biopsy in cases of CADASIL
eosinophilic inclusions in the arterioles of a skin biopsy
Mutation in CARASIL
Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
HTAR1 gene
oral contraceptives containing this hormone are at increased risk for stroke
a. estrogen
b. progestin
a. estrogen
fundoscopic finding in hypertensive hemorrhage, ruptured aneurysm, AV malformation or severe cranial trauma
preretinal (subhyaloid) hemorrhages
Most sensitive means of demonstrating an aneurysm
digital subtraction angiography
Gene that has been identified as causative for familial inheritance of cavernous malformations
KRIT1
Safe target of BP in management of hypertensive encephalopathy is a pressure of
A. 160/100 mmhg or a 20% reduction in mean pressure
B. 150/100 mmhg or a 20% reduction in mean pressure
C. 160/100 mmhg or a 10% reduction in mean pressure
D. 150/100 mmhg or a 10% reduction in mean pressure
B.
Page 883
Transverse sinuses are usually asymmetrical. slightly half of individuals have a dominant _______ vein.
A. Right
B. Left
A. Right
Syndrome which is an arteriopathy producing deep blue-red skin lesions of livedo reticularis and livedo racemosa in association with multiple ischemic strokes. Many would have high titers of antiphospholipid antibodies`
Sneddon Syndrome
Recommended treatment for TTP Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Plasma Exchange
Gene associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Homozygous APOE e4/1e4 genotype
