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Neuro > Cerebrumbrum skkrt skrt to the moon > Flashcards

Cerebrumbrum skkrt skrt to the moon Flashcards

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1
Q

Largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, situated in the
___ and occupying
the ___

A

anterior and middle cranial fossae of the skull,
whole concavity of the vault of the skull

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3
Q

Cerebrum divided into

A

Diencephalon and Telencephalon

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4
Q

Part of the CNS that lies within the cranial vault

A

Encephalon

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5
Q

Covered by three connective tissue membranes

A

meninges

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6
Q

Surrounded by __ which supports it from movement and
trauma

A

CSF

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7
Q

6 post-embryonic divisions

A
  1. Telencephalon
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Mesencephalon
  4. Pons
  5. Medulla oblongata
  6. Cerebellum
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8
Q

Frontal lobe extends from __ to __

A

central sulcus, frontal pole

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9
Q

Frontal pole lies above __ & anterior to __

A

lateral sulcus, central sulcus

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10
Q

Frontal lobe gyri include

A
  1. Precentral gyrus
  2. Superior frontal gyrus
  3. Middle frontal gyrus
  4. Inferior frontal gyrus
    pars triangularis
    Pars opercularis
    Pars orbicularis
  5. Gyrus rectus and orbital gyri
  6. Anterior paracentral lobule
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11
Q

Parietal lobe extends from __ to the __ & lies superiorly to __

A

central sulcus, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

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12
Q

Parietal lobe gyri and its lobules

A
  1. Postcentral gyrus
  2. Superior parietal gyrus
  3. Inferior parietal lobule
    A. Supramarginal gyris
    B. Angular gyrus
  4. Precuneus
  5. Posterior paracentral lobule
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13
Q

Insular lobe lies buried within the

A

lateral sulcus

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14
Q

Has long and short gyri

A

Insular lobe

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15
Q

Insular lobe is functionally a part of the __

A

temporal lobe

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16
Q

Occipital lobe lies posterior to a line connecting the

A

parieto-occipital
sulcus and pre-occipital notch

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17
Q

Occipital lobe contains the

A

Cuneus
Lingual gyrus (medial occipitotemporal gyrus)

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18
Q

Temporal lobe extends from __ to __, lying below the __

A

temporal pole, occipital lobe, lateral sulcus

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19
Q

Temporal lobe extends from __ to __

A

lateral sulcus to the collateral sulcus

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20
Q

Temporal lobe gyri

A
  1. Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl
  2. Middle temporal gyrus
  3. superior temporal gyrus
  4. lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
  5. Inferior temporal gyrus
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21
Q

Shape of limbic lobe

A

C

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22
Q

Medial limbic lobe encircles

A

corpus callosum & lateral aspect of the midbrain

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23
Q

Limbic lobe contains

A
  1. Paraterminal gyrus and subcallosal area
  2. Cingulate gyrus
  3. parahippocampal gyrus
  4. Hippocampal gyrus
  5. Hippocampal formation
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24
Q

The subcortical nuclei of the
telencephalon

A

Basal ganglia

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25
Basal Ganglia includes
1. Caudate nucleus A. Putamen 2. globus pallidus 3. Amygdaloid nuclear complex (amygdala) - related to behavior and emotion
26
Lateral Ventricles __lined cavities of cerebral hemispheres
Ependyma
27
Lateral ventricles contains
CSF & choroid plexus
28
Lateral ventricles communicate __ via __
3rd Ventricle, Foramen of Monroe
29
Lateral ventricles are separated by
Septa Pellucida/ Pellucidum
30
Consists of thin layer of gray substance
Cerebral cortex
31
Covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere
Cerebral cortex
32
Folded into gyri that are separated by sulci
Cerebral cortex
33
White matter contains
Cerebral commissures (which also contains:) ↓ 1Corpus callosum 2Anterior commissure Hippocampal commisure (fornix Internal capsule (which also contains:) ↓ 1. Anterior limb 2. Genu Posterior limb
34
Diencephalon consists of
third ventricle and structures that form its boundaires
35
Diencephalon extends
posteriorly to the point where the third ventricle becomes continuous with the cerebral aqueduct and anteriorly as far as the interventricular foramina
36
Third ventricle and associated structures
Lamina terminalis Tela choroidea Choroid plexus Interventricular foramen of Monro Optic recess Infundibular recess Suprapineal recess Pineal recess
37
Inferior surface of the Diencephalon is formed by
hypothalamic from anterior to posterior, the optic chiasma with the optic tract on either side; the infundibulum with the tuber cinereum; and the mammillary bodies
38
Superior surface of Diencephalon is concealed by
Hippocampal fornix
39
Hippocampal fornix originates
in the hippocampus of the temporal lobe and arches posteriorly over the thalamus to join the mammillary body
40
Superior wall of Diencephalon is formed by
roof of the third ventricle which consists of a layer of ependyma From the roof of the third ventricle, a pair of vascular processes, the choroid plexuses of the third ventricle, project downward from the midline into the cavity of the third
41
Lateral surface of diencephalon
Bounded by the internal capsule of white matter and consists of nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with other parts of the brainstem and spinal cord
42
Medial surface of the diencephalon is formed
superior part by the medial surface of the thalamus and in its inferior part by the hypothalamus, separated by the hypothalamic sulcus
43
A bundle of nerve fibers, which are afferent fibers to the habenular nucleus, forms a ridge along the superior margin of the medial surface of the diencephalon
Stria medullaris thalami
44
Shape of the thalamus
Large ovoid mass of Gray matter
45
cell station to all the main sensory systems (except the olfactory pathway)
Thalamus
46
Injury to thalamus
sensory discomfort,sensory loss, sensory deficit, uncontrollable pain
47
3rd order nucleus in thalamus
VPL & intralaminar
48
Anterior end of the thalamus
narrow and rounded and forms the posterior boundary of the interventricular foramen
49
Posterior end of the thalamus
expanded to form the pulvinar , which overhangs the superior colliculus and the superior brachium
50
metathalamus = Above the superior curriculus and superior brachium
Pulivinar
51
associated with skeletomotor and oculomotor pathways responsible for producing neck and saccadic eye movements
Superior culliculus
52
coordinates in orienting the ggaze toward or away from visual and auditory stimuli
Inferior culliculus
53
The superior surface of the thalamus is covered medially by
tela choroidea and the fornix ,
54
The superior surface of the thalamus is covered laterally by
ependyma and forms part of the floor of the lateral ventricle The lateral part is partially hidden by the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle
55
Inferior surface of the thalamus
continuous with the tegmentum of the midbrain
56
medial surface of the thalamus forms the
superior part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle and is usually connected to the opposite thalamus by a band of gray matter, the interthalamic connection (interthalamic adhesion)
57
The lateral surface of the thalamus is separated from the lentiform nucleus by the very important band of white matter
internal capsule
58
forms a small elevation on the under aspect of the lateral portion of the pulvinar
lateral geniculate body
59
Parts of thalamus
Pulvinar Metathalamus Anterior tubercle Interthalamic adhesion
60
Lies inferiorly to the thalamus and therefore, is situated between the thalamus and the tegmentum of the midbrain
Subthalamus
61
Among the collections of nerve cells found in the subthalamus are the
cranial ends of the red nuclei and the substantia nigra
62
The subthalamic nucleus has the shape of a
biconvex lens and has important connections with the corpus striatum
63
Serves as pathway for movement
Subthalamus
64
Subthalamus contains
Subtahalmic nucleus Zona incerta and fields of forel - unclear function
65
Epithalamus contains the
Habenular nuclei & pineal gland
66
important for endocrine function and containing pinealocytes which are responsible for creating melatonin.
The pineal gland
67
small group of neurons situated just medial to the posterior surface of the thalamus
Habenular nucleus
68
Habenular nucleus afferent fibers are received from the __ in the temporal lobe through the __ ; other fibers pass from the hippocampal formation through the __
amygdaloid nucleus, stria medullaris thalami, fornix,
69
Some of the fibers of the stria medullaris thalami cross the midline and reach the habenular nucleus of the opposite side; these latter fibers form the__
habenular commissure
70
Axons from the habenular nucleus pass to the __ in the roof of the interpeduncular fossa, the tectum of the midbrain, the thalamus and the reticular formation of the midbrain
interpeduncular nucleus
71
center for integration of olfactory, visceral and somatic afferent pathways
habenular nucleus
72
A small, conical structure that is attached by the pineal stak to the diencephalon
Pineal gland
73
Pineal gland Project backward so it lies posterior to the
midbrain
74
The base of the pineal stalk possesses a recess that is continuous with the
cavity of the third ventricle
75
The superior part of the base of the stalk contains the __; the inferior part of the base of the stalk contains the __
habenular commissure, posterior commissure
76
Two types of cells are found in the gland, the __. Concretions of calcified material called __ progressively accumulate within the pineal gland with age
pinealocytes and the glial cells brain sand
77
The pineal gland possesses no nerve cells , but __derived from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia enter the gland and run in associated with the blood vessels and pinealocytes
adrenergic sympathetic fibers
78
Functions of the pineal gland
An important endocrine gland capable of influencing the activities of the : Pituitary gland Islets of langerhans of the pancreas Adrenal cortex andthe adnrenal medulla Parathyroids The gonads
79
The pineal secretions produced by __ reach their target organs via the bloodstream or through the cerebrospinal fluid
pinealocytes
80
The pineal activity exhibits a circadian rhythm that is influenced by light
retina > suprachiasmatic nucleus > tegmentum > pineal gland > Melatonin > blood or CSF> inhibit the release of gonadotrophic hormone
81
Structures of epithalamus
1. Pineal body 2. Habenular trigone 3. Posterior commissure 4. Tela choroidea 5. Medullary stria of the thalamus
82
Hypothalamus contains
1. Optic chiasm 2. Mamillaruy body 3. Infundibulum 4. Tuber cinereum
83
Hypothalamus part of the diencephalon that extends from the region of the __ to the caudal border of the __
optic chiasma, mammillary bodies
84
Hypothalamus lies below the
hypothalamic sulcus on the lateral wall of the third ventricle
85
Controls and integrates the functions of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine systems and plays a vital role in maintaining body homeostasis
Hypothalamus
86
It is involved in such activities as regulation of body temperature, body fluids, drives to eat and drink, sexual behavior, and emotion
Hypothalamus
87
Anterior hypothalamus
area that extends forward from the optic chiasma to the lamina terminalis and the anterior commissure ; it is referred to as the preoptic area
88
Caudal hypothalamus
merges into the tegmentum of the midbrain
89
The thalamus lies
superior to the hypothalamus, and the subthalamic region lies inferolaterally to the hypothalamus
90
A flattened bundle of nerve fibers situated at the junction of the anterior wall and floor of the tthird ventricle
The optic chiasma
91
The superior surface is attached to the __ , and inferiorly, it is related to the __ , from which it is separated by the __
lamina terminalis, hypophysis cerebri (pituitary gland), diaphragma sellae
92
The anterolateral corners of the chiasma are continuous with the __and the posterolateral corners are continuous with the
optic nerves, optic tracts
93
A convex mass of gray matter
The tuber cinereum and the infundibulum (Contains the anterior and posterior pituitary)
94
The tuber cinereum and the infundibulum (Contains the anterior and posterior pituitary)' It is continous inferiorly with the _ and becomes continuous with the posterior lobe of the __
infundibulum, hypophysis cerebri
95
The median eminence, the infundibulum, and the posterior lobe (pars nervosa) of the hypophysis cerebri
neurohypophysis
96
raised part of the tuber cinereum to which is attached to the infundibulum
median eminence
97
Are two small hemispherical bodies situated side by side posterior to the tuber cinereum
The mammillary bodies
98
They possess a central core of gray matter invested by a capsule of myelinated nerve fibers
The mammillary bodies
99
Posterior to the mammillary bodies lies an area of the brain that is pierced by a number of small apertures and is called the
posterior perforated substance
100
A slitlike cleft between the two thalam
Third ventricle
101
Anterior wall of the 3rd ventricle
formed by a thin sheet of gray matter, the lamina terminalis, across which runs the anterior commissure
102
round bundle of nerve fibers that are situated anterior to the anterior columns of the fornix
anterior commissure
103
Posterior wall of the 3rd ventricle
opening into the cerebral aqueduct SUperior to this opening is the small posterior commissure. Superior to the commissure is the pineal recess , which projects into the stalk of the pineal body. Superior to the pineal recess is the small habenular commissure
104
Lateral wall of hypothalamus
medial surface of the thalamus superiorly and the hypothalamus inferiorly, separated by hypothalamic sulcus
105
The lateral wall is limited superiorly by the
stria medullaris thalami
106
3rd ventricle The lateral walls are joined by the
interhtalamic connection
107
The superior wall or roof is formed by a layer of
ependyma that is continous with the lining of the ventricle
108
Superior to this layer is a two-layered fold of pia mater called the
tela choroidea of the third ventricle
109
projects downward on each side of the midline, invaginating the ependymal roof to form the choroid plexuses of the third ventricle
vascular tela choroidea
110
Within the tela choroidea lie the
internal cerebral veins
111
Superiorly, the roof of the ventricle is
s related to the fornix and the corpus callosum
112
3rd V The inferior wall or floor is formed by the
optic chiasma, the tuber cinereum, the infundibulum, with its funnel-shaped recess, and the mammillary bodies
113
The hypophysis is attached to the
infundibulum
114
3rd V Posterior to theses tructures lies the t
tegmentum of the cerebral peduncles
115
CH Separated by a deep midline sagittal fissure
longitudinal cerebral fissure
116
CH The fissure contains the sickle-shaped fold of dura mater
e falx cerebri, and the anterior cerebral arteries
117
n the depths of the fissure, the great commissure
the corpus callosum, connects the hemispheres across the midline
118
A second horizontal fold of dura mater separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum and is called the
tentorium cerebelli
119
f great importance because the gyrus that lies anterior to it contains the motor cells that initiate the movements of the opposite side of the body
central sulcus
120
Posterior to central sulcus
general sensory cortex that receives sensory information from the opposite side of the body
121
deep cleft found mainly on the inferior and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere
Lateral sulcus
122
LS It consists of a short stem and divides into three rami
1. Anterior ascending ramus 2. Anterior horizontal ramus 3. Posterior ramus
123
Begins on the superior medial margin of the hemisphere about 2 inches (5cm) anterior to the occipital pole
Parieto-occipital sulcus
124
it passes downward and anteriorly on the medial surface to meet the calcarine sulcus
The Parieto-occipital sulcus
125
found on the medial surface of the hemisphere
Calcarine sulcus
126
commences under the posterior end of the corpus callosuma nd arches upward and backward to reach the occipital ole
Calcarine sulcus
127
is joined at an acute angle by the parietooccipital sulcus about halfway along its length
Calcarine sulcus
128
Lesion in the red nucleus →
Tremors, rubral tremors
129
Substancia nigra degenerated ←
tremors, tremors that can be seen in parkinson's , diminished production of dopamine -
130
Lesion in the subthalamus ←
abnormal movements, movements caled balismus - flinging and flailing of the arms with no control. if youre sitting beside a person with balismus they might hit you
131
latin name of interthalamic adhesion
masa intermedia

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