Organization of the Nervous System Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
CNS is composed of
A
Brain and Spinal cord
2
Q
PNS consist of
A
cranial, spinal n., and their associated ganglia
3
Q
CNS main centers where correlation and integration of the nervous system occurs
A
Brain and the spinal cord
4
Q
System of membranes that covers the spinal cord and brain
A
Meninges
5
Q
Brain and spinal cord is suspended to
A
CSF
6
Q
Excitable nerve cells of the CNS
A
Neurons
7
Q
Processes of neurons
A
Axons or nerve fibers
8
Q
Protects the meninges
A
Skull & vertebral column
9
Q
Neurons are supported by specialized tissue
A
Neuroglia
10
Q
CNS Gray matter consist of
A
nerve cells embedded in neuroglia
11
Q
CNS White matter consist of
A
nerve fibers embedded in neuroglia
12
Q
CNS White matter is white d/t the presence of lipid material in the n. fibers
A
Myelin sheaths
13
Q
Axons are relatively __ and commonly __
A
unprotected; trauma
14
Q
Part of the nervous system that innervates the body’s involuntary structure
A
ANS
15
Q
2 parts of ANS
A
sympathetic & parasympathetic
16
Q
ANS: prepare the body for emergency
A
sympathetic
17
Q
ANS: Aimed at conserving and restoring energy
A
parasympathetic
18
Q
Spinal cord is situated withing
A
Vertebral canal of the vertebral column
19
Q
Spinal cord is surrounded by 3 meninges
A
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
20
Q
Surrounds the spinal cord for further protection
A
CSF
21
Q
CSF found on
A
Subarachnoid space
22
Q
Shape of the spinal cord
A
roughly cylindrical
23
Q
Spinal cord begins superiorly in the __
A
Medulla oblongata in the skull
24
Q
Spinal cord terminates inferiorly at the
A
Lower border of L1
25
Spinal cord tapers off into the
Conus medullaris from the apex of which filum terminale descends to attach to the back of the coccyx
26
Prolongation of the pia mater
Filum terminale
27
where do filum terminale attaches
Back of the coccyx
28
Gives rise to the peripheral and central nerve fibers
Posterior Root Ganglion
29
How many pairs of spinal nerves
31
30
31 spinal nerves are attached by
anterior/motor roots; posterior/sensory roots
31
Each root is attached to the cord by a __
series of rootlet
32
Posterior nerve root possesses a __
Posterior root ganglion
33
Brain = inner:__ mater; outer;__ mater
Inner white; outer gray
34
Brain = inner:__ matter; outer;__ matter
Inner white; outer gray
34
Spinal: The gray matter is seen on a cross section as an H-shaped pillar called
anterior and posterior gray columns or horns
34
Spinal gray commissure contains the
small central canal
35
anterior and posterior gray columns or horns is united by thin
gray commissure
36
Spinal white matter is divide into
anterior, lateral, and posterior white column
37
Brain lies in the __ cavity
cranial
38
brain is continuous with the spinal cord in the
foramen magnum
39
3 meninges of the brain
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
40
CSF surrounds the brain in the __ space
Subarachnoid
41
3 major divisions of the brain
hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
42
Brainstem is the collective term of
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
43
Hindbrain comprises the
Medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum
44
Shape of the medulla oblongata
Conical
45
Medulla oblongata connects __ superiorly
pons
46
Medulla oblongata connects __ inferiorly
spinal cord
47
Medulla oblongata collection of neurons
nuclei
48
Serves as a conduit for ascending and descending nerve fibers
Medulla oblongata
49
Pons is situated on the
anterior surface of the cerebellum
50
Pons is inferior to the
midbrain
51
Pons is superior to the
medulla oblongata
52
Derives its name from the large number of transverse fibers on its anterior aspect
pons/bridge
53
Cerebellum lies within the
Posterior cranial fossa of the skull
54
Cerebellum is posterior to the __ and the __
Pons and the medulla oblongata
55
Cerebellum consist of 2 laterally place hemispheres connected by a median portion called __
Vermis
56
Cerebellum is connected to the midbrain by
SCP
57
Cerebellum is connected to the pons by
MCP
58
Cerebellum is connected to the medulla by
ICP
59
Composed of large bundles of nerve fibers connecting the cerebellum to the remainder of the nervous system
Peduncles
60
Surface layer of each cerebellar hemisphere is called
cortex
61
Composition of cortex
Gray matter
62
The cerebellar cortex is thrown into __ separated by __
Folds or folia; transverse fissures
63
Largest gray matter embedded in the white matter (Cerebellum)
Dentate nuclei
64
The medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum surround a cavity filled w/ CSF called
4th ventricle
65
4th ventricle is connected superiorly to the __ by the __
3rd ventricle; cerebral aqueduct
66
4th ventricle is inferiorly connected to __
Central canal of the spinal cord
67
4th Ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space through
3 openings in the inferior part of the roof
68
Narrow part of the brain that connects the forebrain and the hindbrain
midbrain
69
Narrow cavity of the midbrain
cerebral aqueduct
70
Forebrain comprises the
diencephalon
71
Central part of the forebrain and the cerebrum
Diencephalon
72
Diencephalon is consist of
Ventral hypothalamus, dorsal thalamus
73
Shape of the thalamus
egg
74
Large, egg shaped mass of gray matter that lies on the either side of the third ventricle
Thalamus
75
__ end of the thalamus forms the __ boundary of the __
anterior, posterior, interventricular foramen
76
Opening between the third and lateral ventricles
Interventricular foramen
77
Hypothalamus forms the __ part of the __ wall and the __ of the __ ventricle
lower, lateral, floor, third
78
Largest part of the brain
Cerebrum
79
2 CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES connected by a mass of white matter called
Corpus callosum
80
Cerebrum is superior to
anterior and middle cranial fossae
81
Posteriorly, Cerebrum lies above the
tentorium cerebelli
82
The hemisphere is separated by a deep cleft
Longitudinal fissure
83
Longitudinal fissure projects thr
falx cerebri
84
Surface layer of cerebrum
Cortex
85
Cerebral cortex is thrown into
Folds (gyri)
86
Folds (gyri) is separated by
fissures or sulci
87
Large sulci subdivide the surface of each hemisphere into
Lobes
88
Central core of white matter containing large mass of gray matter
Basal nuclei or ganglia
89
Fan-shaped collection of n. fibers
corona radiata
90
The corona radiata converges on the basal nuclei and passes on them as the
internal capsule
91
White matter to and from the cerebral cortex to the brainstem
Corona Radiata
92
Tailed nucleus situated on the medial side of internal capsule
Caudate nucleus
93
Lens-shaped nucleus on the lateral side of the internal capsule
Lentiform nucleus
94
Cerebral hemisphere cavity
lateral ventricle
95
Lateral ventricle communicate with the third ventricle through the
interventricular foramina
96
The cranial and spinal nerves are made up of
bundles of nerve fibers supported by connective tissue.
97
Pairs of CN
12
98
12 pairs of cranlal nerves leave the — and pass through — in the skull.
Brain, foramina
99
31 pairs of spinal nerves leave the — and pass through — In the vertebral column.
Spinal cord, intervertebral foramina
100
The spinal nerves are associated with regions of the spinal cord:
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coceygeal.
101
Each spinal nerve Is connected to the spinal cord by two roots:
anterior root and the polterlor root
102
— consists of bundles of nerve fibers carrying nerve Impulses away from the CNS-
Anterior root , efferent
103
Efferent /motor fibers’ origin lie in
anterior gray horn of the spinal cord.
104
The posterior root consists of bundles of
afferent fibers that carry nervous impulses to the CNS
105
Aka afferent fibers
Sensory fibers
106
cell bodies of these sensory fibers are situated ln a swelling on the posterior root
posterior root ganglion.
107
compared with that of the spinal cord, the length of the roots Increases progressively from __
above downward
108
upper cervical region, the spinal nerve roots are
short and run almost horizontally,
109
lumbar and sacral nerves below the level of the termination of the cord form
vertical leash of nerves around the ftlum termlnale
110
Bundle of lower nerve roots are called
cauda equlna.
111
After emerging from the intervertebral foranten, each spinal nerve Immediately divides Into a
large anterior ramus and a smaller posterior ramus
112
The posterior ramus
passes
posteriorly around the vertebral column to supply the muscles and skJn of the back
113
anterior ramus continues
anteriorly to supply the muscles and skin over the anterolateral body wall and all the mus- cles and skin of the limbs.
114
Ganglia can be divided into
sensory ganglia of spinal nerves (posterior root ganglia) and cranial nerves and autonomic ganglia.
115
fusiform swellings on the posterior root of each spinal nerve just proximal to the root's junction with a corresponding anterior root
Sensory Ganglia/posterior root ganglia
116
Similar ganglia found along the course of cranial nerves
V, VII, VIII, IX, and X
117
Shape of ANS ganglia
irregular in shape
118
Autonomic ganglia is situated along the
course of efferent nerve fibers of the ANS.
119
AN Ganglia are found in
paravertebral sympathetic chains around the roots of the great visceral arteries in the abdomen and close to, or embedded within, the walls of various viscera
120
bundles of CNS axons that share a common
origin and destination
Tracts
121
several tracts that form an anatomically
distinct mass
Column
122
Centers and tracts that connect the brain with other organs and systems in the body
Pathway
123
Transmit information in the form of
electrical current at their cell
membranes from one area to
another
Neurons
124
Provide physical support for
neurons
▪ Represent 90% of cells in brain
Neuroglia
125
the functional unit of the nervous
system
Neuron
126
receive information from another cell or
receptor and transmit the message to the cell body
Dendrites
127
Dura mater
Pachymeninx:
128
arachnoid and pia mater
Leptomenix
129
separates the frontal and
parietal lobes
Central sulcus of Rolando
130
separates the temporal lobe
from the frontal and parietal lobes
Lateral Sylvian fissure
131
Controls somatic motor activities at the subconscious
level
Hypothalamus
132
Controls autonomic function
Hypothalamus
133
Coordinates activities of the endocrine and nervous systems
Hypothalamus
134
Secretes hormones
Hypothalamus
135
Produces emotions and behavioral drives
Hypothalamus
136
Regulates body temperature
Hypothalamus
137
Coordinates circadian cycles of activity (sleep-wake pattern)
Hypothalamus
138
Final relay point for ascending sensory information
Thalamus
139
Coordinates the activities of the cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, and cerebellum
Thalamus
140
Serves as a conduit for the ascending and descending
tracts connecting the spinal cord to the higher centers
in the forebrain
THE BRAINSTEM
141
Contains important reflex centers associated with
control of respiration and the cardiovascular system
THE BRAINSTEM
142
Contains important nuclei of cranial nerves III through
XII
Brainstem
143
Adjusts postural muscles and tunes on-going
movements
CEREBELLUM
