Cervical Anatomy and Great Vessels

Question 1

what is the superficial cervical fascia made of?

Answer 1

subcutaneous fatty layer

Question 2

what are the three layers of the deep cervical fascia?

Answer 2

investing layer
prevertebral layer
pretracheal layer

Question 3

what does the investing layer do? where does it lie?

Answer 3

outermost layer of deep cervical fascia that forms tubular sheath around deeper structures

Question 4

where is the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia?

Answer 4

surrouds the vertebral column and associated muscles

Question 5

what does the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia surround?

Answer 5

surrounds the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus

Question 6

what three things are in the carotid sheath?

Answer 6

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

Question 7

what do the internal jugular veins and subclavian veins unite to form?

Answer 7

the right and left brachiocephalic veins

Question 8

the brachiocephalic veins join to form what?

Answer 8

superior vena cava

Question 9

define the venous angle

Answer 9

where the internl jugular vein and the subclavian veins come together

Question 10

what joins at the venous angles?

Answer 10

this is where the major lymphatic vessels join the systemic circulation

Question 11

what two vessels does the brachiocephalic trunk give rise to?

Answer 11

right subclavian and right common carotid arteries

Question 12

what happens to the common carotid artery?

Answer 12

it bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries

Question 13

what does internal carotid artery supply?

Answer 13

the brain

Question 14

what is special about the external carotid artery?

Answer 14

tons of branching…

Question 15

what is the first branch off of the external carotid artery?

Answer 15

the superior thyroid artery

Question 16

what two important structures lay in the bifuraction of the common carotid artery?

Answer 16

carotid sinus and carotid body

Question 17

what does the carotid body sense?

Answer 17

blood oxygen levels

Question 18

what does the carotid sinus sense?

Answer 18

a baroreceptor for BP

Question 19

what nerve innervates the carotid body and sinus?

Answer 19

cranial nerve IX or the glosspharyngeal

Question 20

what do the two vertebral arteries unite to form? and what does this supply?

Answer 20

the basilar artery…supplies a good bit of the brain

Question 21

what muscle divides the subclavian arteries?

Answer 21

anterior scalene

Question 22

the anterior scalene divides the subclavian into three parts…name them

Answer 22

medial to muscle
posterior to muscle
lateral to muscle

Question 23

the medial subclavian divides into three vessels name them…

Answer 23

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk

Question 24

the part of the subclavian that is posterior to the anterior scalene leads to what other vasculature?

Answer 24

the costocervical trunk

Question 25

the thyrocervical that arises from the medial part of the subclavian...branches into many vessels...what is the important one to know?

Answer 25

the inferior thyroid artery branches off of the thyrocervical

Question 26

name the lobes of the thyroid gland and how are they connected?

Answer 26

left right and pyrimidal (in some)..connected with an isthmus

Question 27

what is the thyroid ima artery and where does it come from?

Answer 27

from the brachiocephalic trunk...some people have this extra artery that feeds the thyroid

Question 28

name the three arteries feeding the thyroid

Answer 28

superior...from 1st branch of external carotid inferior...from branch of thyrocervical from subclavian thyroid ima

Question 29

name the three veins of the thyroid and their associated drainage

Answer 29

superior. .IJV middle. ..IJV inferior. ..brachiocephalic veins

Question 30

what other gland is part of the thyroid gland

Answer 30

parathyroid glands

Question 31

what arteries serve the parathyroid gland?

Answer 31

the superior and inferior thyroids...but mainly the inferior

Question 32

name the two muscles innervated by the spinal accessory nerve of cranial nerve XI

Answer 32

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 33

name the three scalene muscles

Answer 33

anterior middle posterior

Question 34

what two important things lie between the anterior and middle scalenes

Answer 34

subclavian artery and the brachial plexus

Question 35

what vessel runs anterior to the anterior scalene?

Answer 35

subclavian vein

Question 36

what nerve lies on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene?

Answer 36

phrenic nerve

Question 37

name the two groups of hyoid muscles

Answer 37

suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

Question 38

name the four infrahyoid muscles

Answer 38

sternohyoid sternothyroid omohyoid thyrohyoid

Question 39

what innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 39

ansa cervicalis from the cervical plexus

Question 40

define the ansa cervicalis

Answer 40

this is the anterior facing motor loop of nerves that are a part of the cervical plexus

Question 41

the cervical plexus consists of these two things..

Answer 41

the ansa cervicalis anteriorly and the sensory branches posteriorly

Question 42

what spinal nerves does the cervical plexus arise from?

Answer 42

C1-C4

Question 43

where do the sensory branches of the cervical plexus exit the neck to get to the skin and be able to sense?

Answer 43

the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid

Question 44

how does the sternocleidomastoid divide the neck?

Answer 44

into an anterior and posterior triangle on both sides

Question 45

what four triangles are within the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 45

submandibular triangle submental triangle muscular triangle carotid triangle

Question 46

what two triangles are within the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 46

occipital triangle | suprclavicular triangle

Question 47

what is within the carotid triangle? (3)

Answer 47

carotid sheath including the IJV, vagus nerve and common carotid ansa cervicalis hypoglossal nerve

Question 48

what is within the posterior cervical triangle? (5)

Answer 48

``` spinal accessory nerve roots of brachial plexus anterior and middle scalenes phrenic nerve external jugular vein ```