Heart

Question 1

what does the fibrous pericardium attach to?

Answer 1

sternum and the central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 2

what is the outermost layer of the pericardium?

Answer 2

fibrous pericardium

Question 3

on the flip side of the fibrous pericardium lies the what?

Answer 3

parietal layer

Question 4

what layer of tissue adheres directly to the heart itself?

Answer 4

visceral layer or epicardium

Question 5

what is the space called that is between the parietal and visceral layers?

Answer 5

the pericardial cavity

Question 6

what are the two sulci of the heart?

Answer 6

interventricular and coronary

Question 7

what makes up the anterior surface of the heart?

Answer 7

right ventricle

Question 8

what makes up the left border of the heart?

Answer 8

left atrium and ventricle

Question 9

what makes up the right border of the heart?

Answer 9

right atrium

Question 10

what makes up the posterior surface of the heart?

Answer 10

left atrium

Question 11

3 main branches of the right coronary artery

Answer 11

1. branch to SA node
2. marginal branch (down right ventricle)
3. posterior descending/interventricular artery (PDA)

Question 12

3 main branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 12

1. left anterior descending artery (LAD) intervent
2. circumflex branch
3. marginal branch

Question 13

what do the right coronary arteries do that the left dont?

Answer 13

the right help out the left by providing some blood to left side while the left do not help out the right

Question 14

what is the rule of dominance in coronary arteries?

Answer 14

85% of people have the PDA arising from the right coronary
8% of people have the PDA arising from the left circumflex
7% of people have a combo of the two

Question 15

what are the three main cardiac veins? which of these feeds into the ____ structure of the heart?

Answer 15

small cardiac vein, great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein…all feed into the coronary sinus that leaks into the right atrium

Question 16

what are the muscles of the atria?

Answer 16

pectinate muscles…mainly in outer wall

Question 17

what is the name of the top of the right ventricle

Answer 17

supraventricular crest

Question 18

two bands that run from the supraventricular crest to the trabeculae carnae

Answer 18

septal limb and the moderator band

Question 19

together the septal limb and the moderator band are called the what?

Answer 19

septomarginal trabecula

Question 20

name the right AV valve

Answer 20

tricuspid valve

Question 21

what are the muscles that help close the right AV valve

Answer 21

papillary muscles

Question 22

what are the papillary muscles attached to at the base and at the insertion point?

Answer 22

at the base they are attached to the trabecula carnae and at insertion to the chordae tendineae

Question 23

name the three papillary muscles of the tricuspid valve

Answer 23

anterior, posterior and septal

Question 24

how many cusps does the pulmonary semilunar valve have?

Answer 24

three

Question 25

the left atrium lies between what vessels?

Answer 25

the left and right pulmonary veins

Question 26

what is the valve between the left atrium and ventricle and how many cusps does it have?

Answer 26

mitral bicuspid...2 cusps

Question 27

how many cusps does the aorta semilunar valve have?

Answer 27

three

Question 28

define the cardiac skeleton

Answer 28

the four valves of the heart actually all sit in the same transverse plane of the body...and have a skeleton that sorta holds them in place

Question 29

name four roles of the cardiac skeleton

Answer 29

maintain integrity of valves provide attachments for cusps separates atrium and ventricle muscle electrical isolation between atrium and ventricle

Question 30

what do the visceral sensory nerves parallelling the sympathetic visceral motor fibers convey back to the SC?

Answer 30

pain of the heart

Question 31

what do the visceral sensory fibers parallelling the parasympathetic visceral motor fibers relay to the cranium?

Answer 31

reflexes of the heart

Question 32

why do we have referred pain in the heart?

Answer 32

the somatic sensory fibers of the dermatomes around the heart also go back to the SC in the same location that the visceral sensory nerves from the heart go to...so we can get confused which is really hurting

Question 33

cardiac plexus definition and location

Answer 33

located at the bifurcation of the trachea lies the cardiac plexus that is the collection of the nerves that are innervating the heart from the ANS

Question 34

what nerves are in the cardiac plexus?

Answer 34

right and left vagus nerve branches (para) | cervical and thoracic sympathetic nerves