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Axial Anatomy > Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Action of Longus Colli

A

flexion and rotation

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2
Q

Action of Splenius Capitis

A

Unilateral contraction producing ipsilateral rotation and Bilateral Extension of the head

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3
Q

Action of Rectus Capitis Anterior and Lateralis

A

Lateralis- Unilateral contraction producing Ipsilateral side flexion
Anterior- Bilateral Flexion of the Head

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4
Q

Origin of Upper Trapezius

A
  • External Occipital protuberance
  • Superior Nuchal line
  • Nuchal Ligament
  • SP of C7 Vertebrae
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5
Q

Insertion of Upper Trapezius

A
  • Post Lat 1/3 of Clavicle

- Acromion of scapula

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6
Q

Action of Upper Trapezius

A

-Bilateral extension of the Head and Neck
-Unilateral contraction resulting in Ipsilateral side flexion of the Head and Neck
As well as Elevation, retraction and rotation of the shoulder

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7
Q

Origin of Scalene

A

Anterior- Transverse processes C3-C6
Medius- Transverse processes of C2-C7
Posterior- Transverse processes of C4-C6

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8
Q

Origin of Scalene

A

Anterior- Transverse processes C3-C6
Medius- Transverse processes of C2-C7
Posterior- Transverse processes of C4-C6

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9
Q

Action of Longus Colli

A

Bilaterally Extends and unilaterally side flexes the neck at cervical vertebral joints

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10
Q

Action of Longissimus Colli

A

Bilaterally Extends and unilaterally side flexes the neck at cervical vertebral joints

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11
Q

Action of Longissimus Capitis

A

Bilateral extension , unilateral contraction producing ipsilateral rotation and side flexion of the head.

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12
Q

Origin of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternal Head- Anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

Clavicular Head- Med 1/3 of clavicle

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13
Q

Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternal Head and Clavicular Head - Mastoid process , Superior nuchal line

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14
Q

Action of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Bilateral Flexion, Unilaterally contraction resulting in ipsilateral side flexion and rotation.

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15
Q

Origin of Levator Scapulae

A
  • Transverse processes of C1-C2

- Posterior tubercles of C3 - C4

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16
Q

Insertion of Levator Scapulae

A
  • Superior Angle of Scapula

- Medial border of Scapular superior to spine of scapula

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17
Q

Action of Levator Scapulae

A
  • Bilateral extension of the neck

- Unilateral contraction resulting in ipsilateral side flexion.

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18
Q

Brief overview of Semispinalis Capitis

A
  • Bilateral extension of the head
  • Ipsilateral rotation of the head
  • O - Articular process C4-C7 , TP T1-T6
  • I - Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone.
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19
Q

Brief overview of Semispinalis Colli

A
  • Bilateral extension of the neck
  • Ipsilateral rotation of the neck
  • O - TP of T1-6
  • I- SP of C2-C5
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20
Q

Give the overall function of the Cervical Spine

A
  • Mobility
  • Support
  • Protection of spinal canal and neural structures.
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21
Q

Give the Overall structure of the Cervical Spine

A
  • 7 Vertebrae
  • 6 Intervertebral discs
  • Lordosis - 40 degrees
  • 8 pairs of nerve roots
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22
Q

Give some fundamental features of movement in the Cervical Spine

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 50% of flexion occurring at the Occiput c0-c1

- 50% of rotation occurring at C1-C2 , + side flex and extension

23
Q

What are the specific joints of the cervical spine called and state their significance

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Joints of Luschka

- Stability and protection surrounding structures at risk of disc herniation

24
Q

Give the features of a typical cervical vertebrae

Study These Flashcards
A
  • C3- C6

- Bifid spinous process

25
Give the features of Atypical vertebrae C1 ( Atlas)
- No vertebral body or spinous process - Ring shaped - 2 Lat Masses - 2 Foramen - Biconcave superior articular surface - Ant and Post arch - articular facet for Odontoid Peg
26
Give the features of Atypical Vertebrae C2 ( Axis)
- Odontoid Peg ( Dens) - Bifid Spinous process - X2 narrow lamina - X2 Transverse process - X2 Foramen - X2 Lateral articular surfaces
27
Give the features of Atypical Vertebrae C7 ( Prominens) Vertebrae
- Long palpable Spinous Process - non bifid - 2x Foramen - Large Vertebral body - Facets becoming gradually more vertical into the thoracic spine
28
Give the features of the AtlantoOccipital Joint.
- Occipital condyles (Convex) | - Superior articular facet on the atlas ( Concave)
29
Give the features of the Median Atlanto- Axial Joint
- Synovial joint - Convex rectangular facet on the facet of Dens - Concave facet inner aspect of Anterior arch of the atlas. - Posterior surface of the Dens articulates with the Transverse ligament.
30
Give the features of the Lateral Atlanto - Axial Joint
- Plane Synovial Joint | - Two Concave facets of the atlas articulate with the two convex facts of the Axis.
31
Give the key features of Ligamentum Nuchae
- Continuation of Supraspinous Ligament - From SP C7 - Occipital protuberance - Deep - Post tubercle of Atlas
32
Give the Location of the Aypical Ligament
Apex of the Dens to the anterior edge of the foramen Magnum | - Limits flexion , stabilising odontoid peg
33
Give the Location of the Tectorial Membrane
- Continuation of PLL - Extends the Post aspect of Dens to the Occipital bone within the anterior edge of the foramen magnum - Limiting flexion and rotation
34
Give the Location of the Transverse Ligament
- Anterior to Dens - Post to spinal cord - Prevention of anterior displacement of the atlas on axis - Holds Dens and Atlas close
35
Give the Location of the Alar Ligament
- Lateral side of Dens to medial aspect of Occiput -Relaxed in extension - taught in flexion Prevents distraction C1 om C2 - Limits flexion, rotation and side flex
36
Give the Location of the Posterior Atlanto-Axial Membrane
- Continuation of Ligamentum Flavum | - Connects to Lamina of C1 - C2
37
Give the Location of the Anterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane
- Continuation of ALL | - Attaches anterior to Dens and Anterior aspect of Atlas
38
Give the Arterial Supply of the Cervical Spine
Vertebral Artery , connected to the Circle of Willis via the Basilar Artery
39
Give the Ranges of movement in the Cervical Spine
Flexion = 70-80 degrees Extension=60 degrees Side Flexion= 45 degrees Rotation=90 degrees
40
Write out the bony points you would feature in your OSCE ( all three spinal regions)
- Atypical Vertebrae - Transverse process C1 - Mastoid Process - Occipital Protuberance - Nuchal line - Angle of Mandible - Bifid Spinous Process - Occipital Condyles - Articular Pillar - Foramen Magnum
41
Give the Accessory movements you would include in your OSCE
- Central PA - Unilateral PA - Transverse Glide
42
State a Joint line you would mark in your OSCE
- Temporovestibular joint
43
State the Additional Ligaments present in the Lower Cervical Spine
- ALL - PLL - Ligamentum Flavum - `Inter-transverse Ligaments - Interspinous ligaments - Ligamentum Nuchae - Supraspinous Ligament
44
Give the Boundaries of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck
- Lower border of the Mandible - Sternocleidomastoid - Anterior Midline of the Neck
45
Give the contents of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck
- Carotids - Cranial and Cervical nerves - Muscles - Supra and Infra-hyoid
46
Give the Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck
-Trapezius -Sternocleidomastoid -Middle third of the Clavicle Apex = Superior Nuchal line
47
Give the contents of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck
- Subclavian Artery and Jugular Vein - Spinal nerve (XI) and Cervical and Brachial Plexus - Scaleni , Levator Scap and Splenis Capitis
48
Flexors of cervical spine
- sternocleidomastoid - longus colli and capitis - rectus capitis post min and major - obliques - anterior scalene
49
Extensors of cervical spine
- levator scapulae - Splenius cervicis - upper traps - erector spinae
50
Side flexion of cervical spine
- scalènes - levator scapulae - sternocleidomastoid - trapezius - erector spinae
51
Rotators of cervical spine
- semispinalis cervicis - splenius cervicis and capitis - levator scapulae - sternocleidomastoid
52
Protractors of cervical spine
``` Lower c flexors - sternocleidomastoid - longus colli Upper c extensors - semispinalis + longissimus capitis - Splenius capitis - suboccipitals ```
53
Retractors of cervical spine
``` Lower c extensors - Splenius cervicis - semispinalis cervicis - longissimus cervicis Upper c flexors - longus and rectus capitis ```

Axial Anatomy (3 decks)

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