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Axial Anatomy > Thoracic Spine > Flashcards

Thoracic Spine Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

Origin of Rectus Abdominus

A

Pubic Symphysis and Pubic Crest

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2
Q

Insertion of Rectus Abdominus

A

Xiphoid Process , Costal Cartilages of ribs 5-7

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3
Q

Action of Rectus Abdominus

A

Trunk Flexion , Compression of Abdominal viscera and Expiration

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4
Q

Origin of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternal head: superior part of anterior surface of manubrium sterni
Clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of the clavicle

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5
Q

Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process , Lateral half of superior nuchal line.

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6
Q

Action of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Unilateral contraction ,neck ipsilateral flexion, neck contralateral rotation
Bilateral contraction: Atlantooccipital joint/ head/neck.
extension
flexion
Sternoclavicular joint: elevation

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7
Q

Origin of the Diaphragm

A

Sternal part: Posterior aspect of xiphoid process
Costal part: Internal surfaces of lower costal cartilages and ribs 7-12
Lumbar part: Medial and lateral arcuate ligaments (lumbocostal arches), bodies of vertebrae L1-L3 (+intervertebral discs), anterior longitudinal ligament

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8
Q

Insertion of the Diaphragm

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

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9
Q

Action of the Diaphragm

A

Depresses costal cartilages, primary muscle of breathing (inspiration)

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10
Q

Origin of the Intercostal Muscles

A

External Intercostals - Inferior Border of a rib ventrocaudally
Internal Intercostals - Inferior border of 1-11 ribs
Innermost Intercostals- Inferior borders 1- 11 ribs

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11
Q

Insertion of the Intercostal Muscles

A

External Intercostals- Upper border of the rib below
Internal Intercostals- Ventrocranially to superior borders of the ribs and costal cartilages below
Innermost intercostals - Behind the costal grooves.

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12
Q

Action of the intercostal Muscles

A

Internal Intercostals - Tense the intercostal spaces during deep inspiration and support the breathing mechanism .
External Intercostals - Elevation of the ribs, Inspiratory breathing muscles
Internal and innermost - Lower the ribs ( Expiratory breathing muscles)

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13
Q

State the features of the Thoracic Cage

A
  • Vertebral Column
  • Ribs
  • Intercostal Space
  • Costal Cartilage
  • Sternum
  • 12 thoracic vertebrae and pairs of ribs
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14
Q

State the Importance of the Thoracic Cage

A
  • Protection to Vital organs
  • Provides muscle attachments
  • Assists respiration
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15
Q

Describe the curvature of the Thoracic Spine

A

Kyphotic Spine

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16
Q

Label a Typical Thoracic Vertebrae

A
  • Round body
  • Long Slated SP
  • Costal facet x4
  • Rib facet x2 TP
  • Pedicles
  • Lamina
  • Articular facets more in a vertical plane.
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17
Q

State the 4 Atypical Vertebrae and their reasoning

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A

T1 - Single Facet ( demi facet)
T10- Single Facet ( demi facet)no inferior
T11- Single Facet ( demi facet) no inferior
T12- no costotransverse facet

18
Q

Explain the Thoracic rule of 3

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A 
T123 - TP equal level to SP
T456 - TP 1/2 level above SP 
T789 -  TP 1 level above SP
T10 - TP 1 level above SP 
T11 - TP 1/2 level above SP
T12- TP equal level to SP
19
Q

What are the True Ribs?

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A

Upper 7 ribs - Ribs articulating directly with the true sternum

20
Q

What are the False Ribs?

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A

Remaining 5 ribs - Does not articulate directly to the Sternum , first 3 attach to the costal cartilage of the ribs above

21
Q

Give the features of a typical rib and label on a diagram

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A
  • Head
  • 2 demi facets
  • Tubercle - articulation with transverse process and non articular surface
  • Posterior angle
  • Shaft
  • Costocondryal junction- Costal cartilage
22
Q

Describe the Structure of the First Rib

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A
  • Flat
  • Slopes inferiorly
  • Attaches to Manubrium
  • Scalene Tubercle
  • 2x subclavian grooves
  • Rib 2 , similar structure but twice as long
23
Q

Give the contents of the Intercostal Space

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Neurovascular Bundle - Intercostal nerve , intercostal artery and vein
  • The 3 Layers of Intercostal muscles
24
Q

What are the three layers of Intercostal Muscle?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • External
  • Internal
  • Innermost
25
State 3 clinical features of the Spinal Nerve in the Thoracic Spine
- Spinal canal nerve narrow - Ventral ramus runs in intercostal space - Irritation of Thoracic nerve root can produce pain radiating around the chest wall in Sloping direction - path of ribs
26
What are the joints located between Thoracic Vertebrae called? + type of joint
- Facet / Zygopophyseal Joints | - Synovial Plane
27
What are the joints located between ribs and vertebrae called? + type of joint
- Costovertebral joints - Costotransverse Joints - Synovial plane
28
What are the joints located between cartilage and ribs called? + type of joint
- Costochondral Joint - Primary cartilaginous | - Interchondral Joint - Synovial plane
29
What are the joints of sternum called?
Sternocostal Joints
30
What type of articulation occurs between Rib 1 and the Manubrium?
- Primary cartilaginous joint in which hyaline cartilage unites the first rib to manubrium of the sternum.
31
What type of joints are other true ribs of the Sternum?
- Synovial plane joints of costal cartilage
32
Briefly describe the movements available in the Thoracic Spine
- Relatively less mobile than cervical and lumbar - Rotation greatest range - Flexion and lateral Flexion are more restricted due to SP and orientation of the facets
33
What accessory movements would you demonstrate in your OSCE?
- Central PA - Spinous process -Unilateral PA - Transverse process -Unilateral PA - Rib angle Grades I , II , III,IV and V
34
What type of joint is an Intervertebral joint?
- Secondary cartilaginous vertebral end plate , consisting of hyaline cartilage
35
Give the Structure of Nucleus Pulposus
- Semi-fluid - Mucoid material - 88% water - deformed under pressure - Transmit pressure in all direction
36
Give the Structure of Annulus Fibrous
- Ring of fibres - 60-70% of water - Collagen fibres layered in sheets of lamelle - Thicker centrally - Ant - Thinner - post - Resist Buckling
37
Give the Structure of the Sternum
- Manubrium - Manubriosternal Joint - Body - Sternoclavicular Joint - Xiphoid process- Xiphisternal Joint - Attachment of ribs
38
What is Pump Handle?
- Anterior end of the ribs move forward and upwards with anterior movement of the sternum
39
What is Bucket Handle?
- Rotation of the ribs and increase in transverse diameter
40
Where does the message for respiration come from in the brain?
Medulla Oblongata
41
What muscles aid respiratory stress during inspiration / forced inspiration ?
- sternocleidomastoid - pect minor and major - serratus anterior - lat Dorsi - quadratus lumborum - scaleni
42
What are the muscles of forced expiration?
Lat dorsi | Rectus abdominus

Axial Anatomy (3 decks)

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