Lumbar Spine

Question 1

Origin of External Oblique

Answer 1

-Outer surfaces 5-12 ribs + costal cartilages

Question 2

Insertion of External Oblique

Answer 2

• Linea Alba via Rectus Sheath
• Pubic tubercle to ASIS (Ing Lig)
• Ant 2/3 Iliac Crest

Question 3

Action of External Oblique

Answer 3

• Trunk flexion
• Posterior pelvic tilt
• Lat flexion
• Contralateral rotation of the trunk on pelvis

Question 4

Insertion of Internal Oblique

Answer 4

• Lower borders of 10-12 ribs
• Linea Alba via rectus sheath
• Pectin Pubis via conjoint tendon

Question 5

Origin of Internal Oblique

Answer 5

• 2/3 Ing lig
• 2/3 ant iliac crest
• Thoracolumbar fascia

Question 6

Action of Internal Oblique

Answer 6

Posterior pelvic tilt
Flexion
Ipsilateral rotation - trunk on pelvis
Lat flexion of trunk

Question 7

Origin of Transverse Abdominus

Answer 7

Internal Surfaces of 7-12 costal cartilages
Thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
lat1/3 ing lig

Question 8

Insertion of Transverse Abdominus

Answer 8

Linea Alba via rectus sheath

Pectin pubis via conjoint tendon

Question 9

Action of Transverse Abdominus

Answer 9

Raises intra-abdominal pressure

Stabilising muscle of lumbar spine

Question 10

Insertion

of Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 10

Med 1/2 lower 12th rib + Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Question 11

Origin

of Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 11

Illiolumbar Ligament and Iliac crest

Question 12

Action of Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 12

Muscle of Inspiration
Ipsilateral side flexion
Lumbar extension

Question 13

Origin of Erector Spinae

- Illiocostalis , Longissimus, Spinalis

Answer 13

Lower six ribs and rib angles

Question 14

Insertion of Erector Spinae

Answer 14

• T11-L5 spinous processes
• Supraspinous and Sacroiliac ligs
• Sacral crests
• Posterior part of iliac crest
• Iliac Tuberosity
• Inner lip of Iliac crest

Question 15

Action of Erector Spinae

Answer 15

Bilateral - Extension and control of flexion
Maintenance of lumbar lordosis
Unilateral- Ipsilateral lateral flexion/rotation

Question 16

Action of Rotatories

Answer 16

Bilateral contraction: Extension of thoracic spine

Unilateral contraction: Rotation of thoracic spine - Ipsilateral

Question 17

Action of Multifidus

Answer 17

Bilateral contraction: Extension of spine
Unilateral contraction: Lateral flexion of spine (ipsilateral), rotation of spine (contralateral)
Stabilisation of lumbar Spine

Question 18

Action of Interspinales

Answer 18

Extension of cervical and lumbar spine

Question 19

Action of Intertransversarii

Answer 19

Assists lateral flexion of the spine; Stabilizes spine

Question 20

How much flexion occurs in the Lumbar Spine

Answer 20

• 50-60 degrees , with greatest movement occurRing at L4/5 , L5/S1

Question 21

How much extension occurs in the Lumbar Spine

Answer 21

-Approx 30 degrees

Question 22

How much side flexion occurs in the Lumbar Spine

Answer 22

• 25 degrees

- Coupled with rotation

Question 23

How much rotation occurs in the Lumbar Spine

Answer 23

1 degree at each segmental level with less at L5/S1 , giving a mean rotation of 8-12 in each direction , limited by orientation of facet joints.

Question 24

Give the Location of the Posterior layer of the Thoracolumbar Fascia

Answer 24

• Superficial to erector Spinae and attached to spinous processes

Question 25

Give the location of the Middle layer of the Thoracolumbar Fascia

Answer 25

-Between erector spinae and Quadratus Lumborum , attached to the transverse tips

Question 26

Give the location of the Anterior layer of the Thoracolumbar fascia.

Answer 26

- Deep to quadratus lumborum, attached to anterior of transverse process.

Question 27

Draw and label the Thoracolumbar Fascia

Answer 27

- Draw and Label

Question 28

Give the main functions of the Abdominals

Answer 28

- Trunk movement - Protection - Spinal stabilisation - Abdominal pressure for - Forced expiration , Micturition, Deification , Parturition and Vomiting

Question 29

What does the Anterior layer of the Rectus sheath comprise of ?

Answer 29

- External and Internal oblique

Question 30

What does the Posterior layer of the Rectus sheath comprise of?

Answer 30

- Internal oblique and Transverse Abdominus

Question 31

Where do the layers of the Rectus Sheath interlace?

Answer 31

- Linea Alba

Question 32

What is Rectus Diastasis?

Answer 32

- Torn rectus sheath down Linea Alba | - Pregnancy

Question 33

What is the curvature of the Lumbar spine?

Answer 33

Lordosis

Question 34

What plane does the lumbar spine lie?

Answer 34

Vertical

Question 35

What plane does the Thoracic spine lie?

Answer 35

Vertical

Question 36

What plane does the Cervical Spine lie?

Answer 36

Horizontal

Question 37

Label a Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 37

- Pedicle - Body - Lamina - TP - SP

Question 38

What Accessory Movements would you carry out in your OSCE?

Answer 38

PA of SP and TP

Question 39

What happens to the muscles in Anterior Pelvic Tilt?

Answer 39

- Hip Flexors Shorten

Question 40

What happens to the muscles in Posterior Pelvic Tilt

Answer 40

- Hip Extensors Shorten