CF and proteins

Question 1

what i can remember

Answer 1

mucus stickier
cftr protein releases CALCIUM ONLY of cell membrane
LOWER water potential outside cell than inside
water moves to outside cell making mucus runnier
in cf sufferers cftr protein not present or functionning
this wont happen
sticky mucus

pathogens more likely to get trapped in mucus and when wbcs fight this their dna makes it thicker and stickier

reduces surface area of alveoli that gas exchange can occur at

APICAL AND BASAL MEMBRANES

infertility in men and women, mucus plug in cervix, vas deferens blocked
mucus in pancreas does smth
mucus in stomach means they can absorb a large amount of the cals they eat.

Question 2

what is regulating the amount of H2O in mucus to maintain its viscosity an example of

Answer 2

negative feedback

Question 3

high water potential meaning

Answer 3

water mols have more space to move

Question 4

does a solution with a high water potential have higher or lower solute conc?

Answer 4

lower

Question 5

will water mols move to or form the area with a higher water potential

Answer 5

from,
to an area with lower water potential

Question 6

What is the function of CFTR protein

Answer 6

allows facilitated diffusion of chloride ions only

Question 7

how does cftr protein help maintain mucus viscosity in a normal person

Answer 7

-CFTR channels open
-releases calc ions through channels via facilitated diffusion (through apical membrane)
-water follows by osmosis to area of higher solute conc
-mucus made runnier

Question 8

what happens if CFTR protein is absent

Answer 8

-chloride ions not released outside of apical membrane
-solute conc not high
-water will move via osmosis somewhere where solute conc is higher
-mucus becomes excessively dehydrated
-

Question 9

sodium ions?

Answer 9

when Ca ions are pumped ouside of cell conc gradient is created which soium ions follow, na diffused between cells to mucus

Question 10

whatre the 2 functions of the pancreas

Answer 10

-exocrine, enzymes released down the pancreatic duct into small intestine to breakdown food
-endochrine, hormones (insulin) released to control blood sugar

Question 11

how does CF lead to infertility

Answer 11

-females, mucus plug in cervix THICKENS (too thick or acidic for sperm to penetrate and fertilise egg)
-males- vas deferens blocked or non existent (moves sperm from testes during ejacutlation)

Question 12

how does CF affect the digestive system?

Answer 12

-blocks enzymes from entering small intestine
-enzymes begin breaking down the pancreas, leaving hard cysts.