lungs

Question 1

risk factors for diabetes

Answer 1

-being overweight
-low HDL cholesterol conc in blood
-high blood pressure

Question 2

whatre the muscles between lungs

Answer 2

intercostal muscles

Question 3

whats oxygen + haemoglobin

Answer 3

oxyhaemoglobin

Question 4

what creates the steep conc gradient between alveolar space and the bloodstream

Answer 4

-breathing and circulation, blood flow through capillaries maintains high conc
-high conc of O in aleveoli and low conc in capillaries vs high CO2 conc in capillaries and low in alveoli

Question 5

whatre alveoli and capillaries made of that makes diffusion distance short?

Answer 5

flattened or squamous tissue

Question 6

hows large surface area for diffusion achieved in lungs

Answer 6

high SA:V ratio in alveoli and many capillaries surrounding alveoli
many alveoli

Question 7

state ficks law

Answer 7

rate of diffusion is proportiona; to=SA of gas exchange surface x difference in concentration/thickness of membrane

Question 8

what is a circulatory system needed for

Answer 8

to overcome limitations of diffusion

Question 9

explain why people with CF have breathing difficulties

Answer 9

COA:CF results in stickier mucus than normal, less water in mucus
ciliated epithelial cells unable to sweep mucus out of lungs
mucus blocks alveoli
so diffusion distance is increased, reduced gas exchange and less oxygen diffuses into blood

pathogens may become trapped in mucus resulting in lung infections