enzymes

Question 1

blurt

Answer 1

substrate and active site induced fit theory
each active site will be able to move to fit a specific substrate
if active site denatured substrate will no longer be able to bind to it

catalysts reduce activation energy required for reaction

Question 2

what is activation energy?

Answer 2

energy required to start a reaction

Question 3

catalyst function in reactions

Answer 3

reduce activation energy without being used themselves

Question 4

explain effect of temp of enzyme controlled reactions

Answer 4

-higher KE in substrates and enzymes
-more enzyme-substrate collisions so more sucessful enzyme-subtrate collisions
-more enzyme-substrate complexes formed
-reactants used up quicker so faster ROR
-HIGHER than optimum temp causes enzymes active site to denature due to breakages of H bonds
-if active site changes shape substrate no longer fits, complex wont be formed so ROR decreases

Question 5

what does the induced fit model state?

Answer 5

-almost complimentary general shape of enzyme to substrate
-as substrate approaches active site the active site changes shape
-change in active site physically puts pressure on substrate
-lowers activation energy for this reaction

Question 6

what do anabolic enzymes do

Answer 6

catalyse formation of polymers

Question 7

what do catabolic enzymes do

Answer 7

catalyse hydrolysis/breakdown of enzymes

Question 8

how can we measure the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction

Answer 8

measuring how much product is forming or how much reactant is being lost

Question 9

what is ROR like at low temp

Answer 9

-enzymes and substrates have very little ke so move slowly,
so few successful enzyme-substrate collisions will occur
low ROR

Question 10

what is pH a measure of?

Answer 10

measure of H+ ions in a solution

Question 11

what is the effect of low pH on the rate of enzyme controlled reactions?

Answer 11

-high conc of H+ denatures enzymes/breaks H bonds maintaining tertiary structure of enzymes, fewer successful enzyme-substrate collisions so lower ROR

Question 12

effect of optimum pH on enzyme controlled reactions

Answer 12

H bonds maintaining tertiary structure of enzymes wont be affected
many collisions between enzymes and substrates
higher ROR

Question 13

Effect of high pH on rate of enzyme controlled reactions

Answer 13

-alkalinity (OH-) breaks bonds maintaining tertiary structure
low ROR