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anatomy > Ch 1: 1.2 Levels of Body Organization and Body Systems > Flashcards

Ch 1: 1.2 Levels of Body Organization and Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Six levels of organization

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. Cellular level
  3. Tissue level
  4. Organ level
  5. System level
  6. Organismal level
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2
Q

Tissue level is made up of

A

Tissues

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3
Q

Tissues are

A

groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function

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4
Q

4 basic types of tissues in the body

A
  1. Epithelial tissue
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Muscular tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
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5
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  • Covers body surfaces
  • Lines hollow organs and cavities
  • Forms glands
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6
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • Connects, supports, and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues
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7
Q

Muscular tissue

A
  • Contracts (shortens) to make body parts move
  • Generates heat in contraction
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8
Q

Nervous tissue

A
  • Carries information from one part of the body to another
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9
Q

Organ level

A

Different types of tissues are joined together

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10
Q

Organs are

A

The structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues
- Have specific functions and usually recognizable shapes

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11
Q

Ex. of Tissues in stomach

A
  • Outer covering is a layer of epithelial and connective tissues; reduces friction when the stomach moves against other organs
  • Middle layer is a type of muscular tissue (smooth muscle) that contracts to churn and mix food and push it out to the next digestive organ
  • Innermost layer is epithelial tissue and produces fluid and chemicals responsible for digestion in the stomach
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12
Q

System

A

Consists of related organs with a common function
ex. Digestive system

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13
Q

Organs may be apart of

A

two or more systems

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14
Q

Organism

A

Any living indivudual

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15
Q

Which level of structural organization is composed of two or more different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function?

A
  • Organs
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16
Q

Eleven systems of the Human Body

A
  1. Integumentary
  2. Skeletal
  3. Muscular
  4. Cardiovascular
  5. Lymphatic
  6. Nervous
  7. Endocrine
  8. Respiratory
  9. Digestive
  10. Urinary
  11. Reproductive
17
Q

Integumentary system: components

A
  • Skin
  • Hair
    -Fingernails
  • Toenails
    -Sweat Glands
  • Oil glands
  • Subcutaneous tissue
18
Q

Integumentary system: functions

A
  • Protects the body
  • Helps regulate body temperature
  • Eliminates some wastes
  • Helps make Vitamin D
  • Detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold
  • Stores fat
  • Provides insulation
19
Q

Skeletal System:
Components

A
  • Bones
  • Joints
  • Cartilages
20
Q

Skeletal system: Functions

A
  • Supports and protects the body
  • Provides a surface area for muscle attachments
  • Aids body movements
  • Houses cells that produce blood cells
  • Stores minerals and lipids (fats)
21
Q

Muscular system: Components

A
  • Specifically refers to Skeletal muscle tissue (Muscle usually attached to bones)
  • Other muscle tissues include smooth and cardiac
22
Q

Muscular system: Functions

A
  • Participates in bringing about body movements, such as walking
  • Maintains posture
  • Major source of heat production
23
Q

Cardiovascular system: components

A
  • Blood
  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
24
Q

Cardiovascular system: Functions

A
  • Heart pumps blood through blood vessels
  • Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells
  • helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids
  • Blood components help defend against disease and repaire damaged blood vessels
25
Q

Lymphatic (lymphoid) system and Immunity: Components

A
  • Lymphatic fluid (lymph plasma)
  • Lymphatic vessels
    -Spleen
  • Thymus
  • Lymph nodes
  • Tonsils
  • Cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, etc.)
26
Q

Lymphatic system and immunity: Functions

A
  • Returns proteins and fluid to blood
  • Carries lipids from digestive canal (gastrointestinal tract) to blood
  • Contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes
27
Q

Nervous system: Components

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Nerves
  • Special sense organs, such as the eyes and ears
28
Q

Nervous system: Functions

A
  • Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities
  • Detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments, interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions
29
Q

Endocrine system: Components

A
  • Hormone-producing glands (Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid glands, suprarenal (adrenal) glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes)
  • Other hormone-producing cells in several other organs
30
Q

Endocrine system: Functions

A
  • Regulate body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers that are transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ
31
Q

Respiratory system: Components

A
  • Lungs and air passageways such as the Pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes within the lungs
32
Q

Respiratory system: Functions

A
  • Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air
  • Helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluid
  • Produces sound (voice) as outgoing ait vibrates the vocal cords
33
Q

Digestive system: Components

A
  • Organs of digestive canal (gastrointestinal tract) - a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx (throat), Esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus
  • Also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes, such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
34
Q

Digestive system: Function

A
  • Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food
  • Absorbs nutrients
  • Eliminates solid wastes
35
Q

Urinary system: Components

A
  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
36
Q

Urinary system: Function

A
  • Produces, stores, and eliminates urine
  • Eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood
  • Helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids
  • Maintains body’s mineral balance
  • Helps regulate production of red blood cells
37
Q

Genital (reproductive) systems: Components

A
  • Gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females)
  • Associated organs such as the uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and clitoris in females and epididymides, seminal glands, prostate, ductus deferenses, and penis in males)
38
Q

Genital (reproductive) system: Function

A
  • Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism
  • Gonads release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes
  • Associated organs transport and store gametes
  • Mammary glands produce milk
39
Q
A

anatomy (17 decks)

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