Digestive system Flashcards
1
Q
Digestive system function
A
- Primary functions are the digestion of food, the absorption of nutrients, and the elimination of solid wastes
2
Q
Digestive system: components (2 groups)
A
- The gastrointestinal (GI) tract
- Accessory digestive organs
3
Q
Gastrointestinal tract
A
- A continuous tube from the mouth to the anus
4
Q
Digestive system: Components
A
- Salivary glands
- Pharynx
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Oral cavity
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Pancreas
- Large intestine
- Small intestine
- Rectum
- Anus
5
Q
Salivary gland: components
A
- Parotid salivary gland
- Tongue
- Submandibular salivary gland
- Sublingual salivary gland
6
Q
Salivary gland: Function
A
- The salivary gland secretes saliva into the oral cavity, lubricating, dissolving, and beginning the chemical digestion of food that has been ingested
7
Q
Liver and gallbladder: Components
A
- Right lobe of liver
- Left lobe of liver
- Common hepatic duct
- Cystic duct
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- Common bile duct
- Pancreatic duct
- Duodenum
8
Q
Liver and gallbladder: Functions
A
- Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
- The liver synthesizes bile used in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and cholesterol in the small intestine
- The liver maintains normal blood glucose levels
- The liver produces blood proteins
- The liver stores certain vitamins and minerals until needed by the body
- The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile
9
Q
Esophagus: Components
A
- Food bolus
- Esophagus
- Lower esophageal sphincter
- Stomach
10
Q
Esophagus: Functions
A
- Through a progression of coordinated contractions and relaxations (peristalsis), food is propelled down the esophagus to the stomach
11
Q
Stomach: Components
A
- Mucosa
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Serosa
- Duodenum
- Pyloric sphincter
- Muscularis
- Rugae of mucosa
12
Q
Stomach: Functions
A
- Gastric juices are secreted and continue the process of chemical digestion
- Mechanical digestion macerates and mixes food with the gastric juices changing it to chyme; Propels chyme forward into the duodenum of the small intestine
13
Q
Pancreas: Components
A
- Pancreas
- Duodenum
- Pancreatic duct
14
Q
Pancreas: Functions
A
- Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which includes digestive enzymes for digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and triglycerides, in the small intestine
- Produces bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme from the stomach
15
Q
Large intestine: Components
A
- Transverse colon
- Ascending colon
- Descending colon
- Ileum
- Ileocecal sphincter (valve)
- Sigmoid colon
- Rectum
- Anus
