Ch 1-4 Flashcards
GET AN A ON THIS F-ING FINAL (745 cards)
1
Q
What are the four elements of a medical word?
A
word root(WR), combining form(CF), suffix, prefix
2
Q
What is a word root(WR)?
A
the foundation of a medical term which contains its primary meaning
3
Q
What do greek roots describe?
A
diseases, conditions, treatments, or diagnoses
4
Q
What do latin roots describe?
A
anatomical structures
5
Q
What are the Gr/L WRs for skin?
A
dermat(Gr) / cutane(L)
6
Q
What is the english term for the WR dermat(Gr)?
A
skin
7
Q
What is the english term for the WR cutane(L)?
A
What is the english term for the WR cutane(L)?
8
Q
What are the Gr/L WRs for kidney?
A
nephr(GR) / ren(L)
9
Q
What is the english term for the WR nephr(Gr)?
A
kidney
10
Q
What is the english term for the WR ren(L)?
A
kidney
11
Q
What are the Gr/L WRs for mouth?
A
stomat(Gr) / or(L)
12
Q
What is the english term for the WR stomat(Gr)?
A
mouth
13
Q
What is the english term for the WR or(L)?
A
mouth
14
Q
What is a combining form(CF)
A
when a WR is combined w/ a vowel
15
Q
What is a combining vowel?
A
the vowel used to combine a WR with the rest of the medical word
16
Q
What is the meaning of erythr/o?
A
red
17
Q
What is the meaning of gastr/o?
A
stomach
18
Q
What is the meaning of hepat/o?
A
liver
19
Q
What is the meaning of immun/o?
A
immune, immunity, safe
20
Q
What is the meaning of nephr/o?
A
kidney
21
Q
What is the meaning of oste/o?
A
bone
22
Q
What is a suffix?
A
a word elemnent placed at the end of a word to alter its meaning
23
Q
What does a suffix usually describe?
A
a pathology(disease or abnormality), symptom, surgical/diagnostic procedure, or part of speech
24
Q
What does the suffix -itis mean?
A
inflammation
25
What is the suffix for "inflammation"?
-itis
26
What does "gastr/itis" mean?
inflammation of the stomach
27
What is the medical word for "inflammation of the stomach"?
gastr/itis
28
What does the suffix -megaly mean?
enlargement
29
What is the suffix for "englargement"?
-megaly
30
What does "gastr/o/megaly" mean?
enlargement of the stomach
31
What is the medical word for "enlargement of the stomach"?
gastr/o/megaly
32
What does the suffix -oma mean?
tumor
33
What is the suffix for "tumor"?
-oma
34
What does "hepat/oma" mean?
tumor of the liver
35
What is the medical word for "tumor of the liver"?
hepat/oma
36
What does the suffix -cyte mean?
cell
37
What is the suffix for "cell"?
-cyte
38
What does "hepat/o/cytes" mean?
cells in the liver
39
What is the medical word for "cells in the liver"?
hepat/o/cytes
40
What is a prefix?
a word element attached to the beginning of a word or word root that changes the meaning of the word
41
What do prefixes usually indicate?
a number, time, position, direction, or negation
42
What does the prefix an- mean?
without, not
43
What is the prefix for "without/not"?
an-
44
What does "an/esthes/ia" mean?
condition of not feeling
45
What is the medical word for "condition of not feeling"?
an/esthes/ia
46
What does the WR "esthes" mean?
feeling
47
What is the WR for "feeling"?
esthes
48
What does the suffix -ia mean?
condition
49
What is the suffix for "condition"?
-ia
50
What does the prefix hyper- mean?
excessive, above normal
51
What is the prefix for "excessive/above normal"?
hyper-
52
What does "hyper/therm/ia" mean?
condition of excessive heat
53
What is the medical word for "condition of excessive heat"?
hyper/therm/ia
54
What does the WR "therm" mean?
heat
55
What is the WR for "heat"?
therm
56
What does the prefix intra- mean?
in, within
57
What is the prefix for "in/within"?
intra-
58
What does "intra/muscul/ar" mean?
pertaining to within the muscle
59
What is the medical word for "pertaining to within a muscle"?
intra/muscul/ar
60
What does the WR "muscul" mean?
muscle
61
What is the WR for "muscle"?
muscul
62
What does the suffix -ar mean?
pertaining to
63
What are the suffixes for "pertaining to"?
ar, al
64
What does the prefix para- mean?
near, beside, beyond
65
What is the prefix for "near/beside/beyond"?
para-
66
What does "para/nas/al" mean?
pertaining to (area) near the nose
67
What is the medical word for "pertaining to (area) near the nose"?
para/nas/al
68
What does the WR "nas" mean?
nose
69
What is the WR for "nose"?
nas
70
What does the suffix -al mean?
pertaining to
71
What does the prefix poly- mean?
many, much
72
What is the prefix for "many/much"?
poly-
73
What does "poly/ur/ia" mean?
condition of much urine
74
What is the medical word for "condition of much urine"?
poly/ur/ia
75
What does the WR "ur" mean?
urine
76
What is the WR for "urine"?
ur
77
What does the prefix pre- mean?
before
78
What is the prefix for "before"?
pre-
79
What does "pre/nat/al" mean?
pertaining to before birth
80
What is the medical word for "pertaining to before birth"?
pre/nat/al
81
What does the WR "nat" mean?
birth
82
What is the WR for "birth"?
nat
83
What does "gastr/o/enter/itis" mean?
inflammation of stomach and intestine
84
What is the medical word for inflammation of stomach and intestine"?
gastr/o/enter/itis
85
What does the WR "enter" mean?
intestine
86
What is the WR for "intestine"?
enter
87
What does the WR "hepat" mean?
liver
88
What is the WR for "liver"
hepat
89
What does the WR "cholecyst" mean?
gallbladder
90
What is the WR for "gallbladder"
cholecyst
91
What does the WR "pancreat" mean?
pancreas
92
What is the WR for "pancreas"?
pancreat
93
What does the WR "append" mean?
appendix
94
What is the WR for "appendix"?
append
95
What does the WR "gastr" mean?
stomach
96
What is the WR for "stomach"?
gastr
97
What does the WR "splen" mean?
spleen
98
What is the WR for "spleen"?
splen
99
What does the WR "colon" mean?
colon
100
What is the WR for "colon"?
colon
101
What does the suffix -emesis mean?
vomiting
102
What is the suffix for "vomiting"?
-emesis
103
What does "hemat/emesis" mean?
vomiting blood
104
What is the medical term for "vomiting blood"?
hemat/emesis
105
What does the WR "hemat" mean?
blood
106
What is the WR for "blood"?
hemat
107
What does "arthr/itis" mean?
inflammation of a joint
108
What is the medical word for "inflammation of a joint"?
arthr/itis
109
What does the WR "arthr" mean
joint
110
What is the WR for "joint"
arthr
111
What does "oste/oma" mean?
bone tumor
112
What is the medical word for "bone tumor"
oste/oma
113
What does the suffix -logy mean?
study of
114
What is the suffix for "study of"
-logy
115
What does "hemat/o/logy" mean
study of blood
116
What is the medical term for "study of blood"
hemat/o/logy
117
What does the suffix -centesis mean
surgical procedure
118
What is the suffix for "surgical puncture"
-centesis
119
What does "arthr/o/centesis" mean
surgical puncture of a joint
120
What is the medical term for "surgical puncture of a joint"
arthr/o/centesis
121
What does the suffix -dynia mean
pain
122
What is the suffix for "pain"
-dynia
123
What does "oste/o/dynia" mean
pain in bone
124
What is the medical word for "pain in bone"
oste/o/dynia
125
What are compound words
words that contain more than one word root
126
What does "oste/o/arthr/itis" mean
inflammation of the bone and joint
127
What is the medical word for "inflammation of the bone and joint"
oste/o/arthr/itis
128
What does "encephal/o/mening/itis" mean
Inflammation of the brain and meninges
129
What is the medical word for "inflammation of the brain and meninges"
encephal/o/mening/itis
130
What does the WR "encephal" mean
brain
131
What is the WR for "brain"
encephal
132
What does the WR "mening" mean
meninges
133
What is the WR for "meninges"
mening
134
What does the suffix -pathy mean
disease
135
What is the suffix for "disease"
-pathy
136
What does "oste/o/arthr/o/pathy" mean
Disease of the bone and joint
137
What is the medical word for "disease of the bone and joint"
oste/o/arthr/o/pathy
138
What does "encephal/o/mening/o/pathy" mean
Disease of the brain and meninges
139
What is the medical word for "disease of the brain and meninges"
encephal/o/mening/o/pathy
140
What do surgical suffixes describe
A type of invasive procedure performed on a body part
141
What do diagnostic suffixes describe
A procedure performed to identify the cause in nature of an illness
142
What do pathological suffixes describe
An abnormal condition or disease
143
what does the suffix -clasis mean?
to break; surgical fracture
144
What is the suffix for "to break/surgical fracture"?
-clasis
145
What does "oste/o/clasis" mean?
Surgical fracture of a bone
146
What is the medical word for "surgical fracture of a bone"
oste/o/clasis
147
What does the suffix -desis mean
binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
148
What is the suffix for "binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)"
-desis
149
What does "arthr/o/desis" mean
Binding or fixation of a joint
150
What is the medical word for "binding or fixation of a joint"
arthr/o/desis
151
What does the suffix -ectomy mean
Excision, removal
152
What is the suffix for "excision/removal"
-ectomy
153
What does "append/ectomy" mean
Excision of the appendix
154
What is the medical word for "excision of the appendix"
Append/ectomy
155
What does the suffix -lysis mean
Separation, destruction, loosening
156
what is the suffix for "separation/destruction/loosening"
-lysis
157
what does "thromb/o/lysis" mean
Destruction or separation of a blood clot
158
What is the medical word for "destruction or separation of a blood clot"
thromb/o/lysis
159
What does the suffix -pexy mean
fixation (of an organ)
160
What is the suffix for "fixation (of an organ)"
-pexy
161
What does "mast/o/pexy" mean
fixation of the breast(s)
162
What is the medical word for "fixation of the breast(s)"
mast/o/plexy
163
What does the suffix -plasty mean
surgical repair
164
What is the suffix for "surgical repair"
-plasty
165
What does "rhin/o/plasty" mean
surgical repair of the nose
166
What is the medical word for "surgical repair of the nose"
rhin/o/plasty
167
What does the suffix -rrhaphy mean
suture
168
What is the suffix for "suture"
-rrhaphy
169
What does "my/o/rrhaphy" mean
suture of a muscle
170
What is the medical word for "suture of a muscle"
my/o/rrhaphy
171
What does the suffix -stomy mean
forming an opening (mouth)
172
What is the suffix for "forming an opening (mouth)"
-stomy
173
What does "trache/o/stomy" mean
forming an opening into the trachea
174
What is the medical word for "forming an opening into the trachea"
trache/o/stomy
175
What does the suffix -tome mean
instrument to cut
176
What is the suffix for "instrument to cut"
-tome
177
What does "oste/o/tome" mean
instrument to cut bone
178
What is the medical word for "instrument to cut bone"
oste/o/tome
179
What does the suffix -tomy mean
incision
180
What is the suffix for "incision"
-tomy
181
What does "trache/o/tomy" mean
incision of the trachea
182
What is the medical word for "incision of the trachea"
trache/o/tomy
183
What does the suffix -tripsy mean
crushing
184
What is the suffix for "crushing"
-tripsy
185
What does "lith/o/tripsy" mean
crushing a stone
186
What is the medical word for "crushing a stone"
lith/o/tripsy
187
What does the suffix -gram mean
record, writing
188
What is the suffix for "record/writing"
-gram
189
What does "electr/o/cardi/o/gram" mean
Record of electrical activity of the heart
190
What is the medical word for "record of electrical activity of the heart"
electr/o/cardi/o/gram
191
What does the suffix -graph mean
instrument for recording
192
What is the suffix for "instrument for recording"
-graph
193
What does "electr/o/cardi/o/graph" mean
instrument for recording electrical activity of the heart
194
What does the suffix -graphy mean
process of recording
195
What is the suffix for "process of recording"
-graphy
196
What does "electr/o/cardi/o/graphy" mean
process of recording electrical activity of the heart
197
What is the medical word for "process of recording electrical activity of the heart"
electr/o/cardi/o/graphy
198
What does the suffix -scope mean
instrument for examining
199
What is the suffix for "instrument for examining"
-scope
200
What does "endo/scope" mean
instrument for examining within
201
What is the medical word for "instrument for examining within"
endo/scope
202
What does the suffix -scopy mean
visual examination
203
What is the suffix for "visual examination"
-scopy
204
What does "endo/scopy" mean
visual examination within
205
What is the medical word for "visual examination within"
endo/scopy
206
What does the suffix -algia mean
pain
207
What are the suffixes for "pain"
-algia, -dynia
208
What does "neur/algia" mean
pain of a nerve
209
What is the medical word for "pain of a nerve"
neur/algia
210
What does the suffix -dynia mean
pain
211
What does "ot/o/dynia" mean
pain in the ear
212
What is the medical word for "pain in the ear"
ot/o/dynia
213
What does the WR "ot" mean
ear
214
What is the WR for "ear"
ot
215
What does the suffix -cele mean
hernia, swelling
216
What is the suffix for "hernia/swelling"
-cele
217
What does "hepat/o/cele" mean
hernia or swelling of the liver
218
What is the medical word for "hernia/swelling of the liver"
hepat/o/cele
219
What does the suffix -ectasis mean
dilation, expansion
220
What is the suffix for "dilation/expansion"
-ectasis
221
What does "bronchi/ectasis" mean
dilation or expansion of the bronchi
222
What is the medical word for "dilation or expansion of the bronchi"
bronchi/ectasis
223
What does the suffix -emesis mean
voniting
224
What is the suffix for "vomiting"
-emesis
225
What does "hyper/emesis" mean
excessive vomiting
226
What is the medical word for "excessive vomiting"
hyper/emesis
227
What does the suffix -emia mean
blood condition
228
What is the suffix for "blood condition"
-emia
229
What does "leuk/emia" mean
white blood
230
What is the medical word for "white blood"
leuk/emia
231
What does the suffix -gen mean
forming, producing, origin
232
What are the suffixes for "forming/producing/origin"
-gen
-genesis
233
What does "cargin/o/gen" mean
forming, producing, or origin of cancer
234
What are the medical words for "forming, producing, or origin of cancer"
carcin/o/gen
carcin/o/genesis
235
What does the suffix -genesis mean
forming, producing, origin
236
What does "carcin/o/genesis" mean
forming, producing, or origin of cancer
237
What does the suffix -itis mean
inflammation
238
What is the suffix for "inflammation"
-itis
239
What does "gastr/itis" mean
inflammation of the stomach
240
What is the medical word for "inflammation of the stomach"
gastr/itis
241
What does the suffix -malacia mean
softening
242
What is the suffix for "softening"
-malacia
243
What does "chondr/o/malacia" mean
softening of cartilage
244
What is the medical word for "softening of cartilage"
chondr/o/malacia
245
What does the suffix -megaly mean
enlargement
246
What is the suffix for "enlargement"
-megaly
247
What does "cardi/o/megaly" mean
enlargement of the heart
248
What is the medical word for "enlargement of the heart"
cardi/o/megaly
249
What does the suffix -oma mean
tumor
250
What is the suffix for "tumor"
-oma
251
What does "neur/oma" mean
tumor of a nerve
252
What is the medical word for "tumor of a nerve"
neur/oma
253
What does the suffix -osis mean
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily w/ blood cells)
254
What is the suffix for "abnormal condition; increase (used primarily w/ blood cells)"
-osis
255
What does "cyan/osis" mean
dark blue or purple discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane
256
What is the medical word for "dark blue or purple discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane"
cyan/osis
257
What does the suffix -pathy mean
disease
258
What is the suffix for "disease"
-pathy
259
What does "my/o/pathy" mean
disease of muscle
260
What is the medical word for "disease of muscle"
my/o/pathy
261
What does the suffix -penia mean
decrease, deficiency
262
What is the suffix for "decrease/deficiency"
-penia
263
What does "oste/o/penia" mean
decrease in bone mass
264
What is the medical word for "decrease in bone mass"
oste/o/penia
265
What does the suffix -phobia mean
fear
266
What is the suffix for "fear"
-phobia
267
What does "hem/o/phobia" mean
fear of blood
268
What does the suffix -plegia mean
paralysis
269
What is the suffix for "paralysis"
-plegia
270
What does "quadri/plegia" mean
paralysis of four
271
What is the medical word for "paralysis of four"
quadri/plegia
272
What does the suffix -ptosis mean
prolapse, downward displacement
273
What is the suffix for "prolapse/downward displacement"
-ptosis
274
What does "blephar/o/ptosis" mean
prolapse or downward displacement of the eyelid
275
What is the medical word for "prolapse or downward displacement of the eyelid"
blephar/o/ptosis
276
What does the WR "blephar" mean
eyelid
277
What is the WR for "eyelid"
blephar
278
What does the suffix -rrhea mean
discharge, flow
279
What is the suffix for "discharge/flow"
-rrhea
280
What does "dia/rrhea" mean
discharge or flow through
281
What is the medical word for "discharge or flow through"
dia/rrhea
282
What does the suffix -rrhexis mean
rupture
283
What is the suffix for "rupture"
-rrhexis
284
What does "arteri/o/rrhexis" mean
rupture of an artery
285
What is the medical word for "rupture of an artery"
arteri/o/rrhexis
286
What does the suffix -sclerosis mean
abnormal condition of hardening
287
What is the suffix for "abnormal condition of hardening"
-sclerosis
288
What does "arteri/o/sclerosis" mean
abnormal condition of hardening of an artery
289
What is the medical word for "abnormal condition of hardening of an artery"
arteri/o/sclerosis
290
What does the suffix -spasm mean
involuntary contraction, twitching
291
What is the suffix for "involuntary contraction/twitching"
-spasm
292
What does "blephar/o/spasm" mean
involuntary contraction or twitching of the eyelid
293
What is the medical word for "involuntary contraction or twitching of the eyelid"
blephar/o/spasm
294
What does the suffix -stenosis mean
narrowing, stricture
295
What is the suffix for "narrowing, stricture"
-stenosis
296
What does "arteri/o/stenosis" mean
abnormal narrowing or stricture of an artery
297
What is the medical word for "abnormal narrowing or stricture of an artery"
arteri/o/stenosis
298
What does the suffix -toxic mean
poison
299
What is the suffix for "poison"
-toxic
300
What does "hepat/o/toxic" mean
pertaining to poison of the liver
301
What is the medical word for "pertaining to poison of the liver"
hepat/o/toxic
302
What does a grammatical suffix do
attaches to word roots to form parts of speech, such as adjectives and nouns
303
What does the suffix -ac mean
pertaining to
304
What are the suffixes for "pertaining to"
-ac
-al
-ar
-ary
-eal
-ic
-ior
-ous
-tic
305
What does "cardi/ac" mean
pertaining to the heart
306
What is the medical term for "pertaining to the heart"
cardi/ac
307
What does the suffix -al mean
pertaining to
308
What does "neur/al" mean
pertaining to a nerve
309
What is the medical word for "pertaining to a nerve"
neur/al
310
What does the suffix -ar mean
pertaining to
311
What does "muscul/ar" mean
pertaining to muscle
312
What is the medical word for "pertaining to muscle"
muscul/ar
313
What does the suffix -ary mean
pertaining to
314
What does "pulmon/ary" mean
pertaining to the lungs
315
What is the medical word for "pertaining to the lungs"
pulmon/ary
316
What does the suffix -eal mean
pertaining to
317
What does "esophag/eal" mean
pertaining to the esophagus
318
What is the medical word for "pertaining to the esophagus"
esophag/eal
319
What does the suffix -ic mean
pertaining to
320
What does "thorac/ic" mean
pertaining to the chest
321
What is the medical word for "pertaining to the chest"
thorac/ic
322
What does the suffix -ior mean
pertaining to
323
What does "poster/ior" mean
pertaining to the back (of the body)
324
What is the medical word for "pertaining to the back (of the body)"
poster/ior
325
What does the suffix -ous mean
pertaining to
326
What does "cutane/ous" mean
pertaining to the skin
327
What is the medical word for "pertaining to the skin"
cutane/ous
328
What does the suffix -tic mean
pertaining to
329
What does "acous/tic" mean
pertaining to hearing
330
What is the medical word for "pertaining to hearing"
acous/tic
331
What does the suffix -ia mean
condition
332
What are the suffixes for "condition"
-ia
-ism
333
What does "pneumon/ia" mean
condition of the lungs
334
What is the medical word for "condition of the lungs"
pneumon/ia
335
What does the suffix -ism mean
condition
336
What does "thyroid/ism" mean
condition of the thyroid gland
337
What is the medical word for "condition of the thyroid gland"
thyroid/ism
338
What does the suffix -iatry mean
medicine; treatment
339
What are the suffixes for "medicine/treatment"
-iatry
-ist
340
What does "psych/iatry" mean
treatment of the mind
341
What is the medical word for "treatment of the mind"
psych/iatry
342
What does the suffix -ist mean
medicine; treatment
343
What does "hemat/o/log/ist" mean
specialist in the study of blood
344
What is the medical word for "specialist in the study of blood"
hemat/o/log/ist
345
What does the suffix -y mean
condition; process
346
What is the suffix for "condition/process"
-y
347
What does "neur/o/path/y" mean
condition of nerve diseases
348
What is the medical word for "condition of nerve diseases"
neur/o/path/y
349
What does the suffix -icle mean
small, minute
350
What are the suffixes for "small/minute"
-icle
-ole
-ule
351
What does "ventr/icle" mean
small cavity, as of the brain or heart
352
What is the medical word for "small cavity, as of the brain or heart"
ventr/icle
353
What does the suffix -ole mean
small, minute
354
What does "arteri/ole" mean
small or minute artery
355
What is the medical word for "small or minute artery"
arteri/ole
356
What does the suffix -ule mean
small, minute
357
What does "ven/ule" mean
small or minute vein
358
What is the medical word for "small or minute vein"
ven/ule
359
What does the prefix pre- mean
before
360
What is the prefix for "before"
pre-
361
What does "pre/nat/al" mean
pertaining to (the period) before birth
362
What is the medical term for "pertaining to (the period) before birth"
pre/nat/al
363
What does the prefix peri- mean
around
364
What is the prefix for "around"
peri-
365
What does "peri/nat/al" mean
pertaining to (the period) around birth
366
What is the medical word for "pertaining to (the period) around birth"
peri/nat/al
367
What does the prefix post- mean
after
368
What is the prefix for "after"
post-
369
What does "post/nat/al" mean
pertaining to (the period) after birth
370
What is the medical word for "pertaining to (the period) after birth"
post/nat/al
371
What are the three major types of prefixes
position
number/measurement
direction
372
What do prefixes of position describe
a place or location
373
What do prefixes of number and measurement describe
an amount, size, or degree of involvement
374
What do prefixes of direction describe
a pathway or route
375
What does the prefix endo- mean
in, within
376
What are the prefixes for "in/within"
endo-
intra-
377
What does "endo/crine" mean
secrete within
378
What is the medical word for "secrete within"
endo/crine
379
What does the prefix intra- mean
in, within
380
What does "intra/muscul/ar" mean
within the muscle
381
What is the medical word for "within the muscle"
intra/muscul/ar
382
What does the prefix epi- mean
above, upon
383
What is the prefix for "above/upon"
epi-
384
What does "epi/derm/is" mean
upon the skin
385
What is the medical word for "upon the skin"
epi/derm/is
386
What does the prefix hypo- mean
under, below, deficient
387
What is the prefix for "under/below/deficient"
hypo-
388
What does "hypo/derm/ic" mean
pertaining to under the skin
389
What is the medical word for "pertaining to under the skin"
hypo/derm/ic
390
What does the prefix infra- mean
under, below
391
What are the prefixes for "under/below"
infra-
sub-
392
What does "infra/cost/al" mean
below the ribs
393
What is the medical word for "below the ribs"
infra/cost/al
394
What does the prefix sub- mean
under, below
395
What does "sub/cutane/ous" mean
pertaining to under the skin
396
What is the medical word for "pertaining to under the skin"
sub/cutane/ous
397
What does the prefix inter- mean
between
398
What is the prefix for "between"
inter-
399
What does "inter/cost/al" mean
between the ribs
400
What is the medical word for "between the ribs"
inter/cost/al
401
What does the prefix retro- mean
backward, behind
402
What is the prefix for "backward/behind"
retro-
403
What does "retro/version" mean
turning backward
404
What is the medical word for "turning backward"
retro/version
405
What does the WR "version" mean
turning
406
What is the WR for "turning"
version
407
What does the prefix bi- mean
two
408
What is the prefix for "two"
bi-
409
What does "bi/later/al" mean
pertaining to two sides
410
What is the medical word for "pertaining to two sides"
bi/later/al
411
What does the prefix dipl- mean
double
412
What are the prefixes for "double"
dipl-
diplo-
413
What does "dipl/opia" mean
double vision
414
What is the medical word for "double vision"
dipl/opia
415
What does the prefix diplo- mean
double
416
What does "diplo/bacteri/al" mean
bacteria linked together in pairs
417
What is the medical word for "bacteria linked together in pairs"
diplo/bacteri/al
418
What does the prefix hemi- mean
one half
419
What is the prefix for "one half"
hemi-
420
What does "hemi/plegia" mean
paralysis of one half
421
What is the medical word for "paralysis of one half"
hemi/plegia
422
What does the prefix hyper- mean
excessive, above normal
423
What is the prefix for "excessive, above normal"
hyper-
424
What does "hyper/calc/emia" mean
excessive calcium in the blood
425
What is the medical word for "excessive calcium in the blood"
hyper/calc/emia
426
What does the prefix macro- mean
large
427
What is the prefix for "large"
macro-
428
What does "macro/cyte" mean
large cell
429
What is the medical word for "large cell"
macro/cyte
430
What does the prefix micro- mean
small
431
What is the prefix for "small"
micro-
432
What does "micro/scope" mean
instrument for examining small (objects)
433
What is the medical word for "instrument for examining small (objects)"
micro/scope
434
What does the prefix mono- mean
one
435
What are the prefixes for "one"
mono-
uni-
436
What does "mono/therapy" mean
one treatment
437
What is the medical word for "one treatment"
mono/therapy
438
What does the prefix uni- mean
one
439
What does "uni/nucle/ar" mean
pertaining to one nucleus
440
What is the medical word for "pertaining to one nucleus"
uni/nucle/ar
441
What does the prefix multi- mean
many, much
442
What are the prefixes for "many/much"
multi-
poly-
443
What does "multi/gravida" mean
woman who has been pregnant more than once
444
What is the medical word for "woman who has been pregnant more than once"
multi/gravida
445
What does the WR "gravida" mean
pregnant woman
446
What is the WR for "pregnant woman"
gravida
447
What does the prefix poly- mean
many, much
448
What does "poly/phobia" mean
fear of many things
449
What is the medical word for "fear of many things"
poly/phobia
450
What does the prefix quadri- mean
four
451
What is the prefix for "four"
quadri-
452
What does "quadri/plegia" mean
paralysis of four
453
What is the medical word for "paralysis of four"
quadri/plegia
454
What does the prefix tri- mean
three
455
What is the prefix for "three"
tri-
456
What does "tri/ceps" mean
three heads
457
What is the medical word for "three heads"
tri/ceps
458
What does the WR "ceps" mean
head
459
What is the WR for "head"
ceps
460
What does the prefix ab- mean
from, away from
461
What is the prefix for "from/away from"
ab-
462
What does "ab/duction" mean
movement of a limb away from (the body)
463
What is the medical word for "movement of a limb away from (the body)"
ab/duction
464
What does the prefix ad- mean
toward
465
What is the prefix for "toward"
ad-
466
What does "ad/duction" mean
movement of a limb toward (the body)
467
What is the medical word for "movement of a limb toward (the body)"
ad/duction
468
What does the WR "duction" mean
act of leading, bringing, conducting
469
What is the WR for "act of leading, bringing, conducting"
duction
470
What does the prefix circum- mean
around
471
What are the prefixes for "around"
circum-
peri-
472
What does "circum/ren/al" mean
pertaining to around the kidney
473
What is the medical word for "pertaining to around the kidney"
circum/ren/al
474
What does the prefix peri- mean
around
475
What does "peri/odont/al" mean
pertaining to around a tooth
476
What is the medical word for "pertaining to around a tooth"
peri;/odont/al
477
What does the WR "odont" mean
teeth
478
What is the WR for "teeth"
odont
479
What does the prefix dia- mean
through, across
480
What are the prefixes for "through/across"
dia-
trans-
481
What does the prefix trans- mean
through, across
482
What does "trans/vagin/al" mean
pertaining to across or through the vagina
483
What is the medical word for "pertaining to across or through the vagina"
trans/vagin/al
484
What does the WR "vagin" mean
vagina
485
What is the WR for "vagina"
vagin
486
What does the prefix ecto- mean
outside, outward
487
What are the prefixes for "outside/outward"
ecto-
exo-
extra-
488
What does "ecto/gen/ous" mean
forming outside (the body or structure)
489
What is the medical word for "forming outside (the body or structure)"
ecto/gen/ous
490
What does the prefix exo- mean
outside, outward
491
What does "exo/tropia" mean
turning outward
492
What is the medical word for "turning outward"
exo/tropia
493
What does the WR "tropia" mean
turning
494
What is the WR for "turning"
tropia
495
What does the prefix extra- mean
outside, outward
496
What does "extra/crani/al" mean
pertaining to outside the skull
497
What is the medical word for "pertaining to outside the skull"
extra/crani/al
498
What does the prefix para- mean
near, beside, beyond
499
What is the prefix for "near/beside/beyond"
para-
500
What does the prefix super- mean
upper, above
501
What is the prefix for "upper/above"
super-
502
What does "super/ior" mean
pertaining to above or the upper part of a structure
503
What is the medical term for "pertaining to above or the upper part of a structure"
super/ior
504
What does the prefix supra- mean
above, excessive, superior
505
What is the prefix for "above/excessive/superior"
supra-
506
What does "supra/ren/al" mean
pertaining to above the kidney
507
What is the medical term for "pertaining to above the kidney"
supra/ren/al
508
What does the prefix ultra- mean
excess, beyond
509
What is the prefix for "excess/beyond"
ultra-
510
What does "ultra/son/ic" mean
pertaining to sound beyond (that which can be heard by the human ear)
511
What is the medical term for "pertaining to sound beyond (that which can be heard by the human ear)"
ultra/son/ic
512
What does the prefix a- mean
without, not
513
What are the prefixes for "without/not"
a-
an-
514
What does "a/mast/ia" mean
without a breast
515
What is the medical term for "without a breast"
a/mast/ia
516
What does the prefix an- mean
without, not
517
What does the prefix anti- mean
against
518
What are the prefixes for "against"
anti-
contra-
519
What does "anti/bacteri/al" mean
against bacteria
520
What is the medical term for "against bacteria"
anti/bacteri/al
521
What does the prefix contra- mean
against
522
What does "contra/ception" mean
against conceiving
523
What is the medical term for "against conceiving"
contra/ception
524
What does the prefix auto- mean
self, own
525
What is the prefix for "self/own"
auto-
526
What does "auto/graft" mean
transplantation to self
527
What is the medical word for "transplantation to self"
auto/graft
528
What does the prefix brady- mean
slow
529
What is the prefix for "slow"
brady-
530
What does "brady/cardia" mean
slow heart rate
531
What is the medical word for "slow heart rate"
brady/cardia
532
What does the prefix dys- mean
bad, painful, difficult
533
What is the prefix for "bad/painful/difficult"
dys-
534
What does "dys/tocia" mean
difficult childbirth
535
What is the medical word for "difficult childbirth"
dys/tocia
536
What does the WR "tocia" mean
childbirth, labor
537
What is the WR for "childbirth/labor"
tocia
538
What does the prefix eu- mean
good, normal
539
What is the prefix for "good/normal"
eu-
540
What does "eu/pnea" mean
normal breathing
541
What is the medical word for "normal breathing"
eu/pnea
542
What does the prefix hetero- mean
different
543
What is the prefix for "different"
hetero-
544
What does "hetero/graft" mean
different transplantation; also called xenograft
545
What is the medical word for "different transplantation"
hetero/graft
546
What does the prefix homo- mean
same
547
What are the prefixes for "same"
homo-
homeo-
548
What does "homo/graft" mean
same transplantation
549
What is the medical word for "same transplantation"
homo/graft
550
What does the prefix homeo- mean
same
551
What does "homeo/plasia" mean
formation or growth of same (or similar tissue)
552
What is the medical word for "formation or growth of same (or similar tissue)"
homeo/plasia
553
What does the prefix tachy- mean
rapid
554
What is the prefix for "rapid"
tachy-
555
What does "tachy/pnea" mean
rapid breathing
556
What is the medical word for "rapid breathing"
tachy/pnea
557
What is chromatin
structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins
558
What is a chromosome
threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of doxyribonucleic acid(DNA) that carries hereditary information encoded in genes
559
What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
a molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides
560
What is metabolism
sum of all physical and chemical changes that take palce in a cell or an organism
561
What is an organelle
cellular structure that provides a specialized function
562
What is the function of the nucleus
reproduction
563
What is the function of ribosomes
protein synthesis
564
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus
removal of material from the cell
565
What is the function of lysosomes
digestion
566
What are the five levels of organization (in order)
cells/cellular
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism
567
What is the smallest structural and functional unit of life
the cell
568
What are the three main structures of a cell
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
569
What is cytology
the study of the body at the cellular level
570
What is the cell membrane
a barrier that supports and protects the intracellular contents
571
What is cytoplasm
a jellylike matrix of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients within the cell membrane
572
What is the largest organelle in a cell
the nucleus
573
What is the nucleus responsible for
metabolism
growth
reproduction
carries genetic blueprint
574
About how many genes determine unique human characteristics
20,000-25,000
575
What is tissue made of
similar cells that perform specialized or common functions
576
What is histology
the study of tissues
577
What are the four types of tissues in the body
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
578
What is epithelial tissue
covers surface of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands, and makes up the outer layer (epidermis) of the skin
579
What is connective tissue
supports and connects other body tissues
580
What is muscle tissue
provides the contractile tissue of the body (allows for movement)
581
What is nervous tissue
transmits electrical impulses as it relays information throughout the entire body
582
What are organs
body structures compose of two or more tissue types that perform specialized functions
583
What are body systems
composed of varying organs and accessory structures that have similar or related functions
584
What is an organism
a complete living entity made up of several body systems working together that is capable of independent existence
585
What is anatomical position
the person stands erect, facing forward, and the arms are at the sides of the body, with the palms of the hands turned forward and the feet parallel to each other
586
What is a plane
an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections
587
What are the most commonly used planes
coronal (frontal)
transverse (horizontal)
midsagittal (median)
588
How does the coronal plane divide the body
anterior / posterior
589
How does the transverse plane divide the body
top / bottom
590
How does the midsagittal plane divide the body
right / left
591
What does MRI stand for
Magnetic resonance imaging
592
What does CT stand for
computed tomography
593
What is abduction
movement away from the midsagittal(median) plane of the body or one of its parts
594
What is adduction
movement toward the midsagittal(median) plane of the body
595
What is medial
pertaining to the midline ofthe body or structure
596
What is lateral
pertaining to a side
597
What is superior (cephalad)
toward the head or upper portion of a structure
598
What is inferior (caudal)
away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure
599
What is proximal
nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body
600
What is distal
further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body
601
What is anterior (ventral)
front of the body
602
What is posterior (dorsal)
back of the body
603
What is parietal
pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity
604
What is visceral
pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs
605
What is prone
lying on the abdomen, face down
606
What is supine
lying horizontally on the back, face up
607
What is inversion
turning inward or inside out
608
What is eversion
turning outward
609
What is palmar
pertaining to the palm of the hand
610
What is plantar
pertaining to the sole of the foot
611
What is superficial
toward the surface of the body (external)
612
What is deep
away from the surface of the body (internal)
613
What are body cavities
spaces within the body that hold, protect, separate, and support internal organs and are also used to loacte internal organs and identify abnormalities
614
What are the two main body cavities
dorsal cavity
ventral cavity
615
Where is the dorsal cavity located
the back of the body (posterior)
616
Where is the ventral cavity located
the front of the body (anterior)
617
What are the two parts of the dorsal cavity
cranial cavity
spinal cavity
618
What is the cranial cavity formed by
the skull
619
What does the cranial cavity contain
the brain
620
What is the spinal cavity formed by
the backbone (spine)
621
What does the spinal cavity containq
the spinal cord
622
What are the meninges
membranes that line the cranial and spinal cavities as well as cover the brain and spinal cord
623
Is the dorsal cavity continuous?
yes - there is no wall or structure to separate the cranial and spinal cavities
624
What are the two parts of the ventral cavity
thoracic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
625
Is the ventral cavity continuous?
no - the diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
626
What is the diaphragm
a muscular wall that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
627
What does the thoracic cavity contain
the heart
the lungs
628
What are the two parts of the abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
629
What does the abdominal cavity contain
the liver
the stomach
the intestines
the kidneys
630
What does the pelvic cavity contain
the urinary bladder
the reproductive organs
631
What are the major structures in the right upper abdominopelvic quadrant (RUQ)
right lobe of the liver
the gallbladder
part of the pancreas
part of the small and large intestines
632
What are the major structures in the left upper abdominopelvic quadrant (LUQ)
left lobe of the liver
the stomach
the spleen
part of the pancreas
part of the small and large intestines
633
What are the major structures in the right lower abdominopelvic quadrant (RLQ)
part of the small and large intestines
the appendix
the right ovary
the right fallopian tube
the right ureter
634
What are the major structures in the left lower abdominopelvic quadrant (LLQ)
part of the small and large intestines
th left ovary
the left fallopian tube
the left ureter
635
How many regions is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into
nine
636
What is the location of the right hypochondriac region
upper right lateral region beneath the ribs
637
What is the location of the epigastric region
upper middle region
638
What is the location of the left hypochondriac region
upper left lateral region beneath the ribs
639
What is the location of the right lumbar region
middle right lateral region
640
What is the location of the umbilical region
region of the naval
641
What is the location of the left lumbar region
middle left lateral region
642
What is the location of the right inguinal (iliac) region
lower right lateral region
643
What is the location of the hypogastric region
lower middle region
644
What is the location of the left inguinal (iliac) region
lower left lateral region
645
What is the spine (vertebral column/backbone)
a. body structure composed of 26 irregular bones and connective tissue that extend from the base of the skull to the pelvis
646
What are the 5 sections of the spine (in order)
cervical (neck)
thoracic (chest)
lumbar (loin)
sacral (lower back)
coccyx (tailbone)
647
What does the CF "cyt/o" mean
cell
648
What is the CF for "cell"
cyt/o
649
What does "cyt/o/logist" mean
specialist in the study of cells
650
What is the medical word for "specialist in the study of cells"
cyt/o/logist
651
What does the CF "hist/o" mean
tissue
652
What is the CF for "tissue"
hist/o
653
What does the CF kary/o mean
nucleus
654
What are the CFs for "nucleus"
kary/o
nucle/o
655
What does "kary/o/lysis" mean
destruction of a nucleus
656
What is the medical word for "destruction of a nucleus"
kary/o/lysis
657
What does the CF "nucle/o" mean
nucleus
658
What does the CF "anter/o" mean
anterior, front
659
What is the CF for "anterior/front"
anter/o
660
What does the CF "caud/o" mean
tail
661
What is the CF for "tail"
caud/o
662
What does "caud/ad" mean
toward the tail
663
What is the medical word for "toward the tail"
caud/ad
664
What does the CF "cephal/o" mean
head
665
What is the CF for "head"
cephal/o
666
What does the CF "dist/o" mean
far, furthest
667
What is the CF for "far/furthest"
dist/o
668
What does the CF "dors/o" mean
back (of body)
669
What is the CF for "back (of body)"
dors/o
670
What does the CF "infer/o" mean
lower, below
671
What is the CF for "lower/below"
infer/o
672
What does the CF "later/o" mean
side, to one side
673
What is the CF for "side/to one side"
later/o
674
What does the CF "medi/o" mean
middle
675
What is the CF for "middle"
medi/o
676
What does the CF "poster/o" mean
back (of body), behind, posterior
677
What is the CF for "back (of body)/behind/posterior"
poster/o
678
What does the CF "proxim/o" mean
near, nearest
679
What is the CF for "near/nearest"
proxim/o
680
What does the CF "ventr/o" mean
belly, belly side
681
What is the CF for "belly/belly side"
ventr/o
682
What does the CF "albin/o" mean
white
683
What are the CFs for "white"
albin/o
leuk/o
684
What does the CF "leuk/o" mean
white
685
What does the CF "chrom/o" mean
color
686
What is the CF for "color"
chrom/o
687
What does the CF "cirrh/o" mean
yellow
688
What are the CFs for "yellow"
cirrh/o
jaund/o
xanth/o
689
What does the CF "jaund/o" mean
yellow
690
What does the CF "xanth/o" mean
yellow
691
What does the CF "cyan/o" mean
blue
692
What is the CF for "blue"
cyan/o
693
What does the CF "erythr/o" mean
red
694
What is the CF for "red"
erythr/o
695
What does the CF "melan/o" mean
black
696
What is the CF for "black"
melan/o
697
What does the CF "poli/o" mean
gray; gray matter (of the brain + spinal cord)
698
What is the CF for "gray/gray matter"
poli/o
699
What does the CF "radi/o" mean
radiation, x-ray; radius (bone)
700
What is the CF for "radiation/x-ray/radius"
radi/o
701
What does the CF "tom/o" mean
to cut
702
What is the CF for "to cut"
tom/o
703
What does the CF "viscer/o" mean
internal organs
704
What is the CF for "internal organs"
viscer/o
705
What are signs
objective indicators that are observable
706
what are symptoms (Sx)
a subject indicator of a disease that only the patient can experience
707
What is an idiopathic disease
A disease whose cause is unknown or exists without any connection with a known cause
708
What is adhesion
Abnormal fibrous band that holds or bines together tissues that are normally separated
709
What is edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces as a result of systemic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the site
710
What does it mean to be febrile
Having or showing symptoms of a fever
711
what is gangrene
Death or decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction or infection
712
what is a hernia
Protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it
713
what is inflammation
Body defense against injury infection or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, sometimes with loss of function
714
what is mycosis
Any fungal infection in or on the body
715
what is perforation
Hole that completely penetrates a structure
716
What is peritonitis
Information of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surround the abdominal cavity and covers its organs, usually caused by bacteria or fungi
717
what is a rupture
Sudden breaking or bursting of a structure organ
718
what is septicemia
Severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spreads to the blood; also called sepsis or blood poisoning
719
what is suppuration
process of forming pus
720
What are assessment techniques
Sequence of procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a patient
721
what is auscultation
Listening to the heart, bowel, and lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sound
722
what is inspection
General observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to specific body areas
723
what is palpation
Gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness and underlying structures
724
what is percussion
Tapping a body structure with a hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure
725
what is an endoscopy
Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
726
what is a blood chemistry analysis
Laboratory test, usually performed on serum, to determine biochemical imbalances, abnormalities, and nutritional conditions
727
What is a complete blood count (CBC)
God screening test used to evaluate red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets to determine anemias, infections, and other diseases
728
What is computed tomography (CT)
imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emittor around the area to be evaluated and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
729
What is fluoroscopy
Technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion
730
What is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
I can make that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues
731
what is a nuclear scan
Technique in which radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled ingested or injected), and a specialized camera (gamma camera) produces images of organs and structures
732
what is positron emission tomography (PET)
Computed tomography record the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross-sectional image of the metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease
733
what is radiography
Technique in which x-rays are passed through the body or area and captured on film to generate an image; also called x-ray
734
what is single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
Radiological technique that integrates computed tomography (CT) in a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs
735
What is ultrasonography (US)
High frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called in ultrasound, sonography, and echo
736
What is a biopsy
Removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
737
what is an excisional biopsy
Biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed
738
what is an incisional biopsy
Biopsy in which only a small part of the lesion is removed
739
what is ablation
Removal of a body part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency (RF)
740
What is an anastomosis
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
741
What is curettage
Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon shaped instrument called a curette (curet)
742
what is electrocauterization
Use of an electrically activated instrument to burn and destroy diseased tissue
743
what is incision and drainage (I&D)
Decision made to allow the free flow of fluids and pus from a wound, abscess, or body cavity
744
What is laser surgery
Use of a high intensity laser light beam to remove diseased tissue, to stop bleeding, or for cosmetic purposes
745
what is revision
Surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct an undesirable result or effect of the previous surgery
