Ch 1 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Microbiology
- bacteria
- fungi
- algae
- viruses
- protozoans
- helminths
Area of biology that deals with study of life forms that are not readily observed w/o magnification
Endosymbiosis
Theory that the mitochondria and chloroplast are ancient prokaryotes that took up residence in the precursors of eukaryotic cells
eukaryotes started lines of evolution and gave rise to fungi, plants, and multicellular animals
Prokaryotic Cell
Cell wall cell membrane ribosomes flagellum chromosomes
- lack dedicated organelles to carry out functions
- all prokaryotes are microbes
Eukaryotic Cell
ribosome
flagellum
chromosomes
*have membrane bound organelles
>mitochondria, golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum
*have nucleus
Biotechnology
the manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting
Genetic Engineering
manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the prpose of creating new products & GMOs
technique:
Recombinant DNA
-process allows alteration of DNA
-allows switch genetic material from one organism to another
Bioremidiation
introduces microbes into environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants
required to control pollution
Parasitism
A parasite lives in or on the body of a larger organism
Spontaneous generation
belief that certain living things arose from what virtual forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter
fall of superstition, rise f microbiology
Theory
a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event
Law
evidence of accuracy and predictability of a theory is so compelling that the next level of confidence is reached
> theory becomes law
Robert Koch
-Kock’s postulates
(Kock’s postulates)
a series of proofs that verified the germ theory and could establish wether an organism was pathogenic & which disease it caused
-basic premise for establishing pathogen-disease link
Louis Pasteur
- vaccine
- pasteurization
- biogenesis
-cont to development of 2 vaccines
>Rabies >Anthrax
-clarified actions of microbes in whine&beer fermentation
-Pasteurization
-developed first studies supporting “Germ theory”
-disproved spontaneous generation
Germ theory
(Germ theory)
- showed human diseases could arise from infection
- diseases are caused by microorganisms
Biogenesis
(1) All Species originate from preexisting species through inheritance of traits
(2) Closely related organisms have similar features because they evolve from ancestral forms
Phylogeny
Evolution
-based on morphology, Physiology, Genetics
- natural relatedness between groups of living things
- changes that most favor the survival of a particular organism tend to be retained
Whittaker’s five kingdom systems
-Plants (eukaryotic, multicellular)
-Animals (eukaryotic, multicellular)
-Protists (eukaryotic)
>Algae and Protozoants
-Fungi (eukaryotic)
-monerans(Prokaryoics)
>Bacteria &archea
Woese-Fox system
Domains:
-Bacteria
-Archaea
-Eukarya
>Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
