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ANAT-150 (8-week course) > Ch 1. (CONTINUED) > Flashcards

Ch 1. (CONTINUED) Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Metabolism

A

use energy from chemical reactions

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2
Q

Responsiveness

A

when we sense changes & we can adapt

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3
Q

Growth

A

increase in size & amount of cells

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4
Q

Development

A

changes of organism overtime

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5
Q

Within development,
what is DIFFERENTIATION?

A

change from a general to specific function

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6
Q

Within development,
what is MORPHOGENESIS?

A

change in organ, tissue, organism

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7
Q

Reproduction

A

formation of new cells/organisms for growth and development

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8
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

maintenance of constant internal environment in body

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9
Q

Variables move around a ________ to establish a _______ ______ of valves

A

set-point ; normal range

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10
Q

How does homeostasis work again? (HINT: how do variables work)

A

variables move around SET-POINT to establish a NORMAL RANGE of valves

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11
Q

How is homeostasis regulated?

A

by feedback loops (mainly negative)

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of feedback loops?

A

-Negative feedback
-Positive feedback

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13
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

reversed or reduced process

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14
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

increased process

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15
Q

What is an example of negative feedback?

A

thyroid hormones

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16
Q

What is an example of positive feedback?

A

delivery of baby

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17
Q

Between negative & positive feedback, which one is LESS COMMON?

A

Positive feedback (ex: delivering baby)

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18
Q

Between negative & positive feedback, which one is MORE COMMON?

A

Negative feedback (normal T3/T4 hormones)

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19
Q

What are the 3 components in any feedback loop?

(HINT: REC)

A

Receptor
Effector
Control center

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20
Q

What is a RECEPTOR in a feedback loop?

A

MONITORS value of variable & DETECTS STIMULUS

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21
Q

What is the CONTROL CENTER in a feedback loop?

A

establish set-point & receive input

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22
Q

What is the EFFECTOR in a feedback loop?

A

generates response that CHANGES VALUE of variable

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23
Q

What is the Supine position?

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A

body is laying down and face forward (ex: having surgery)

24
Q

What is the Prone position?

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A

body is laying down and face down
(ex: getting a back massage)

25
AGAIN... YOU SHOULD KNOW THIS What is cephalic?
Superior
26
And... what is caudal?
Inferior (think caudal=tail of body)
27
Body cavities NOT open to external body are lined by what type of membranes?
Serous membranes (whereas anus or oral cavity are lined by mucous membranes... think slimy) PS... serous membranes are for lubricating the organs in order to reduce friction, hence damage
28
Dorsal cavity contains which 2 cavities?
Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity
29
Ventral cavity contains which 3 cavities?
Thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvis cavity
30
Within the thoracic cavity, there are 2 structures. What are they?
-Pleural cavity (encloses each lung) -Mediastinum (heart, blood vessels, thymus, trachea, esophagus)
31
The mediastinum contains which cavity? (HINT: we haven't named it yet on any deck, but mediastinum is located between the lungs and near the HEART... use your logic)
Pericardial cavity
32
The pleural cavity does what?
encloses each lung
33
The mediastinum contains what 5 structures? (HINT: HBTET) He Bought Two Eaten Tamales
Heart Blood vessels Trachea Esophagus Thymus
34
The pericardial cavity is located within the __________
Mediastinum
35
What 2 cavities are in the Abdominopelvic cavity?
-Abdominal cavity -Pelvic Cavity
36
What organs does the abdominal cavity have?
stomach, liver, spleen, intestine (all digestive organs)
37
What organs does the pelvic cavity have?
urinary bladder, urethra, rectum, and other reproductive organs
38
Serous membranes line what 3 types of body cavities?
-Pleural (or pleura) -Pericardial -Peritoneal
39
Inside the pleural cavity, there are 2 layers. What are they called?
-Parietal pleura (lines WALL of lung) -Visceral pleura (lines SURFACE of lung)
40
So... PARIETAL is a "generic" term that is used for ALL cavities. Parietal will identify with the color ____ (red/blue) & it is the ______ (inner/outer) layer of the structure
Parietal is BLUE & is the OUTER layer
41
As for VISCERAL, what color does it identify & is it the ______ (outer/inner) layer?
Visceral is RED & is the INNER layer
42
What is pleurisy?
pathological condition; when there is too much pleural fluid in the lung
43
The pericardium ALSO contains the same 2 layers as the pleura cavity... what were they again? Briefly describe each
-Parietal (blue & lines outer wall) -Visceral (red & lines inner surface)
44
What is pericarditis? (HINT: remember medical terminology... break apart the word to find out its meaning)
inflammation of pericardium
45
What is cardiac tamponade? And which cavity does it involve? (use hints... tamponade has the word "tampon" in it... and tampons accumulate liquid... so use your LOGIC!!!)
fluid accumulated in the pericardial cavity
46
The abdominal cavity contains what serous membrane? HINT: it begins with the letter P
Peritoneum (serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity)
47
What is the peritoneum?
serous membrane that lines abdominopelvic cavity
48
Visceral peritoneum does what inside the abdominopelvic cavity?
only surrounds organs (inner)
49
Patiertal peritoneum does what inside the abdominopelvic cavity?
lines abdominopelvic wall & contains peritoneal fluid (outer)
50
What is the retroperitoneal cavity?
the cavity that is BEHIND THE PERITONEUM (hence the word, Retro)
51
What organs are included within the retroperitoneal cavity? Hint: SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal grand Aorta Duodenum Pancreas Ureter Colon (Ascending & descending) Kidneys Esophagus Rectum
52
What is peritonitis? Also, what is a following symptom?
inflammation of peritoneum SYMPTOM: painful stomach-ache
53
What are Mesentaries within the peritoneum?
serous membranes located between abdominopelvic cavity & its organs
54
What are the 4 examples of mesentaries?
Greater omentum/sac Lesser omentum/sac Mesocolon Mesentary proper
55
The lesser omentum is visibly found near which 3 organs?
under the LIVER + above STOMACH, as well as the DUODENUM
56
The greater omentum is visibly found near which 2 organs?
stomach & transverse colon

ANAT-150 (8-week course) (4 decks)

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