Ch 1. Human Organism (LEC)

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

scientific discipline of body
(size and shape of bones, organs, and muscles)

Question 2

Gross

Answer 2

anatomy without a microscope (visible to naked eye)

Question 3

Microscopic
(ALSO, include the 2 different kinds of studies)

Answer 3

anatomy with the use of microscope
(includes cytology and hystology)

Question 4

Cytology

Answer 4

study of cells

Question 5

Histology

Answer 5

study of tissues

Question 6

Physiology

Answer 6

scientific discipline that studies PROCESSES & FUNCTIONS of only living things

Question 7

Name the 4 examples of studies that physiology may include

(HINT: cell physiology is one of them)

Answer 7

-Cell
-Systemic (organ systems, like the urinary system)
-Neurophysiology (nervous system)
-Cardiovascular (heart, blood, blood vessels)

Question 8

Pathology

Answer 8

study of disease

Question 9

Exercise physiology

Answer 9

study of temporary changes in body structure when performing exercise

Question 10

What is matter?

Answer 10

anything that occupies space & has mass

Question 11

Name the order of the 6 structural levels within the human body

(HINT: Chemical goes first)

Answer 11

1. Chemical
2. Cell
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ system
6. Organism

Question 12

Atom

Answer 12

smallest unit of matter

Question 13

Molecules

Answer 13

formed by group of atoms

Question 14

OOPS, I FORGOT.
What are the 3 examples of atoms called?

Answer 14

• protons (positively charged)
• neutrons (neutral)
• electrons (negatively charged)

Question 15

Describe the Cell level

Answer 15

smallest unit of life
-it is BOTH structural & functional

Question 16

Describe the Tissue level

Answer 16

group of similar cells

Question 17

What are the 4 types of tissues?

Answer 17

-Epithelial
-Connective
-Muscular
-Nervous

Question 18

Describe the Organ level

Answer 18

2 or more tissues working together

Question 19

Describe the Organ-system level

Answer 19

group of organs working together to carry out a function

Question 20

BONUS:
How many organ-systems are there in total?

Answer 20

11 TOTAL

Question 21

Describe the Organism level

Answer 21

any living thing (composed of AT LEAST 1 cell)

Question 22

Describe the Integumentary system

(structures & functions)

Answer 22

STRUCTURES:
-skin, hair, nails, arrector pili, sweat glands

FUNCTIONS:
-Protection
-Regulate temperature
-Prevent water-loss
-Vitamin D-production

Question 23

Describe the Skeletal system

Answer 23

STRUCTURES:
-bones, cartilages, & ligaments

FUNCTIONS:
-Protection/support
-Body movement
-Produce blood cells
-Stores minerals + fats

Question 24

Describe the Muscular system

Answer 24

STRUCTURES:
-muscles attached by tendons

FUNCTIONS:
-Body movement
-Posture
-Body heat

Question 25

BACK TO INTEGUMENTARY, we said one of the functions is to produce Vitamin D... but, why do we even need it?

Answer 25

we need Vitamin D in order to ABSORB CALCIUM & form bone/muscle contraction + cardiac function

Question 26

Describe the Nervous system

Answer 26

STRUCTURES: -brain, spinal cord, nerves, & sensory receptors FUNCTIONS: -Detects sensation -Control movements -Physiological processes -Intellectual function

Question 27

Describe the Endocrine system

Answer 27

STRUCTURES: -adrenal gland, hypothalamus, ovaries & testes.... and basically ALL the other GLANDS in the body FUNCTIONS: -Metabolism -Controls growth -Reproduction

Question 28

Describe the Cardiovascular system

Answer 28

STRUCTURES: heart, blood, & blood vessels FUNCTIONS: -Transport nutrients, waste, gases, & hormones -Immune response -Reg. of body temperature

Question 29

Describe the Lymphatic system

Answer 29

STRUCTURES: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, organs FUNCTIONS: -Remove foreign substances -Fight disease -Maintain water/tissue fluid balance -Absorb FATS (lipid acid) from dig. tract

Question 30

What is lymphema?

Answer 30

when lymph resides in tissue and does NOT dissolve (basically, it's stuck)

Question 31

BONUS: What color is blood?

Answer 31

Red

Question 32

Describe the Respiratory system

Answer 32

STRUCTURES: -lungs, trachea, bronchi, larynx, pharynx, & alveoli of lungs FUNCTIONS: -Controls pH (with help of urinary) -Gas exchange in blood and air

Question 33

Describe the Digestive system

Answer 33

STRUCTURES: -oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, anal canal, & anus FUNCTIONS: -ingest food -digestion -absorption of nutrients -elimination of waste

Question 34

Describe the Urinary system

Answer 34

STRUCTURES: -kidneys, ureter, urinary blood, & urethra FUNCTIONS: -removes waste -regulates pH -control water balance

Question 35

Describe the Female Reproductive system

Answer 35

STRUCTURES: -ovary, uterus, vagina, & mammary gland FUNCTIONS: -Produce oocytes/mature eggs -Produce hormones for sex (estrogen & progesterone) -Produce milk -Site of fertilization

Question 36

Describe the Male Reproductive system

Answer 36

STRUCTURES: -testes, Vas (duct) deferens, penis, seminal vesicle, prostate gland FUNCTIONS: -produce sperm cells -produce hormones for sex (testosterone)