Ch 1

Question 1

dynamic sys theory

Answer 1

-any sys including the nervous sys
-can be studied at various levels of analysis

Question 2

microscopic

Answer 2

-small
ex: molecules & cells in the nervous sys

Question 3

mesoscopic

Answer 3

-intermediate (btwn micro and macro)
-groups of cells linked together in various sys

Question 4

macroscopic

Answer 4

-bigger picture
-the whole human interacting with their env

Question 5

distributed control

Answer 5

-at any one time, the nervous sys coordinated many different activities
ex: taking notes in the classroom

Question 6

adaptation

Answer 6

-the human sys is able to change which can lead to changes in behavior; can be shaped by the env

Question 7

neuro-occupation

Answer 7

-reciprocal relationship btwn the nervous sys and occupation

Question 8

localization of fxn

Answer 8

-particular structures in the nervous sys can loosely be tied to particular fxns

Question 9

topographical organization

Answer 9

-the brain can loossely be compared to a map
-mapped based on the fxn of the brain

Question 10

brodmann’s areas

Answer 10

-classification sys which uses numbers to label indiv

Question 11

hemispheric specialization

Answer 11

-each hemisphere of the brain is connected to some specific fxns
-left: interprets the meaning
-right: interprets the emotions

Question 12

phylogenetic layers

Answer 12

-most newer parts of our brain are located at the top of out head and more primitive parts are located deeper & lower

Question 13

crossed representation

Answer 13

-for most sensory & motor fxns
-left side: corresponds to the right side of the body
-right side: corresponds to the left side of the body

Question 14

neurons

Answer 14

-anatomical and functional unit of the nervous sys consisting of dendrites, a cell body, & an axon

Question 15

cell

Answer 15

-cell body

Question 16

nerve fibers

Answer 16

-dendrites & axons

Question 17

white matter

Answer 17

-tissue of the CNS rich in myelinated axons

Question 18

gray matter

Answer 18

-tissue of the CNS rich with neuronal cell bodies

Question 19

glial cells

Answer 19

-non-neural cells

Question 20

sulcus (sulci)/gyrus (gyri)

Answer 20

-crevices of the brain/ridges of the brain

Question 21

fissure

Answer 21

-a deep sulcus

Question 22

cortex

Answer 22

-outer layer of an organ or body structure

Question 23

medial

Answer 23

-toward midline

Question 24

lateral

Answer 24

-away from midline

Question 25

anterior

Answer 25

-toward the front

Question 26

posterior

Answer 26

-toward the back

Question 27

superior

Answer 27

-above another part

Question 28

inferior

Answer 28

-below another part

Question 29

rostral

Answer 29

-toward the head

Question 30

caudal

Answer 30

-toward the tail or coccyx

Question 31

ventral

Answer 31

-front/lower side

Question 32

dorsal

Answer 32

-back/upper side

Question 33

proximal

Answer 33

-in close proximity to the center of the body

Question 34

distal

Answer 34

-distant from the center of the body

Question 35

ipsilateral

Answer 35

-on the same side of the body

Question 36

contralateral

Answer 36

-on the opp side of the body

Question 37

unilateral

Answer 37

-on one side of the body

Question 38

bilateral

Answer 38

-on both sides of the body

Question 39

superficial

Answer 39

-closer to the surface

Question 40

deep

Answer 40

-farther from the surface

Question 41

afferent

Answer 41

-conducts info centrally (sensory)

Question 42

efferent

Answer 42

-conducts info peripherally (motor)

Question 43

horizontal/transverse

Answer 43

-superior & inferior

Question 44

coronal/frontal

Answer 44

-front & back

Question 45

sagittal

Answer 45

-left & right

Question 46

midsagittal

Answer 46

-equal on left & right

Question 47

neural axis

Answer 47

-brain & spinal cord -enclosed by bone

Question 48

cephalic flexure

Answer 48

-extension of the CNS that includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves & 31 pairs of spinal nerves -not encased by bone or protected by the blood-brain barrier

Question 49

autonomic nervous sys

Answer 49

-innervates smooth muscle & glands; reg homeostasis

Question 50

sympathetic

Answer 50

-fight or flight

Question 51

parasympathetic

Answer 51

-rest or digest

Question 52

somatic nervous sys

Answer 52

-innervates mainly musculoskeletal tissue and skin

Question 53

cerebrum

Answer 53

-largest part -two cerebral hemishpheres (right and left) connected by the corpus callosum

Question 54

5 lobes

Answer 54

-frontal -parietal -temporal -occipital -limbic

Question 55

frontal

Answer 55

-front of the head/forehead

Question 56

parietal

Answer 56

-near the back top area

Question 57

temporal

Answer 57

-above the ears

Question 58

occipital

Answer 58

-the back part of the head

Question 59

limbic

Answer 59

-deep part; only seen when looking at the mid sagital view

Question 60

cerebral cortex

Answer 60

-gray matter surface of the brain -outer layer of any organ

Question 61

deeper structures

Answer 61

-mostly white matter with some expectations; -contains basal nuclei, limbic sys, and internal capsule

Question 62

diencephalon

Answer 62

-the center of the brain

Question 63

cerebellum

Answer 63

-dorsal to the pons -attached to brainstem by 3 massive fiber groups called peduncles

Question 64

brain stem

Answer 64

-contains 3 regions from superior to inferior -midbrain, pons, and medulla