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Human A+P 1. Spring 23 > Ch 1 Intro Into A+P > Flashcards

Ch 1 Intro Into A+P Flashcards

1
Q

a midsagittal section of the body would pass through the

A

Heart

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2
Q

what is anatomy

A

describes the structures of the body.
(what they are made of, what they look like and where they are located)

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3
Q

what is physiology

A

the study of the functions of anatomical structures individually and how they work as a unit.

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4
Q

Gross anatomy

A

also called macroscopic anatomy, examines large visible structures (can be seen with the naked eye)

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5
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

examines the cells and moleculed (cytology and histology) needs a microscope to examine most.

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6
Q

cell physiology

A

the study of cells

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7
Q

organ physiology

A

functions of specific organs

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8
Q

systemic physiology

A

functions of organ systems

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9
Q

pathological physiology

A

effects of diseases on the organs or systems

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10
Q

chemical level of organization

A

atoms and molecules

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11
Q

cellular level of organization

A

the level that studies cells as a whole

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12
Q

tissue level of organization

A

the level that studies the tissues that makeup the organs

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13
Q

organ level of organization

A

organs are two or more tissues working together

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14
Q

organ system level of organization

A

an organ system is a group of interacting organs that work together

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15
Q

organism level of organization

A

an individual life form is an organism

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16
Q

integumentary system (organs and function)

A

Skin
hair
sweat glands
nails
It helps protect against the outside environment, helps regulate body temperature, provides sensory information
Houses glands

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17
Q

skeletal system (organs and functions)

A

bones
cartilages
associated ligaments
bone marrow
provides support and protection for other tissues, stores calcium and other minerals
forms blood cells

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18
Q

Muscular system (organs and functions)

A

Skeletal muscles
associated tendons
provides movement, protection and support for tissues, generates heat that maintains the body temperature

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19
Q

nervous system (organs and functions)

A

brain and spinal cord
peripheral nerves
sense organs
directs immediate responses to stimuli, coordinated and moderated the organ systems, provides and interprets sensory information.

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20
Q

how many organ systems are there in the body

A

11 (12 if you count both reproductive seperate)

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21
Q

endocrine system (organs and functions)

A

pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands
pancreas and gonads
endocrine tissues in other systems
directs long term changes in other organ systems
adjusts metabolic activity and energy use
controls many structural and functional changes during development

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22
Q

Cardiovascular system (organs and functions)

A

heart
blood
blood vessels
distributes blood cells, water, nutrients. waste products, oxygen and carbon dioxide
distributes heat to control body temp

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23
Q

lymphatic system (organs and functions)

A

spleen
thymus
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
tonsils
defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream

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24
Q

Respiratory system (organs and functions)

A

nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli
delivers air to alveoli
provides oxygen to the bloodstream, removed carbon dioxide from the bloodstream
produces sounds for communication

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25
Digestive system (organs and functions)
teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas processes and digests food, absorbs and conserves water, absorbs nutrients, stores energy reserves
26
urinary system (organs and functions)
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra excretes waste products from the blood controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced stores urine prior to voluntary elimination regulates blood ion concentrations and Ph
27
Male reproductive system (organs and functions)
testes, epididymides, ducts diferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, penis, scrotum produces male sex cells (sperm), seminal fluids and hormones sexual intercourse
28
female reproductive system (organs and functions)
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones supports developing embryo frim conception until delivery provides milk to nourish offspring sexual intercourse
29
anatomical posititon
hands at side feet slightly apart palms facing forward
30
supine
lying down face up
31
prone
lying down face down
32
abdominopelvic quadrants
right upper (RUQ) right lower (RLQ) left upper (LUQ) left lower (LLQ)
33
abdominopelvic regions
right hypochondriac epigastric left hypochondriac right lumbar umbilical left lumbar right inguinal hypogastric "pubic" left inguinal
34
proximal
to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
35
distal
away frim the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
36
medial
towards midline
37
lateral
side
38
anterior
front
39
posterior
back
40
superior
above something
41
inferior
below something
42
cranial
to the head
43
caudal
to the tail
44
superficial
near the surface
45
deep
to the inside
46
frontal plane (coronal)
vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior
47
sagittal plane
vertical plane dividing the body into left and right portions
48
midsagittal plane
a vertical plane that lies on the midline dividing body into left and right portions
49
parasagittal plane
a vertical plane that is offset of the midline dividing the body into right and left portions.
50
transverse plane
divides body into superior and inferior portions
51
Viscera
internal organs
52
thoracic cavity
right and left plural cavities that contain the lungs mediastinum, upper portion filled with blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus pericardial cavity is the lower portion and it contains the heart
53
abdominopelvic cavity
peritoneal cavity chamber within the abdominopelvic cavity abdominal cavity superior portion contains the pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and parts of the digestive tract pelvic cavity, inferior portion contains reproductive organs, rectum and bladder
54
parietal peritoneum
lines the internal body walls
55
visceral peritoneum
covers the organs
56
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging, covers body with magnetic field and gives an image of the soft tissues structure
57
PET
position emission tomography, asses metabolic and physiological activity of a structure
58
Ultrasound
sends high frequency sound to show a verification of internal structures in real time briefly.
59
body cavity
a cavity that is lined and contains certain organs, for protection and permits the size shape and changes in the organs
60
Homeostasis
all body systems work together to maintain a stable internal environment
61
what happens when homeostasis fails
serious illness or even death can occur
62
homeostatic regulation
the adjustment of physiological system to preserve homeostasis
63
autoregulation
(homeostatic regulation) automatic response in a cell, tissue or organ to an environmental change
64
extrinsic regulation
(homeostatic regulation) responses controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems
65
what does a homeostatic mechanism consist of
a receptor (receives stimulus) a control center (processes the signal and sends instructions) an effector ( carries out instructions)
66
negative feedback
is a corrective mechanism that opposes or negates a variation from normal limits.
67
positive feedback
a mechanism that increases a deviation from normal limits after initial stimulus
68
the diaphragm muscle separates what two cavities
thoracic and abdominopelvic
69
the pituitary and thyroid gland are from what system
endocrine
70
many medical terms are rooted in
Greek or latin
71
the study of the first two months of development is termed
embryology
72
serves a worldwide official standard for anatomical vocab
terminologia anatomica
73
the study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body is called anatomy
regional
74
the chin is to the nose
inferior
75
visceral serosa
is the membrane that covers the internal organs

Human A+P 1. Spring 23 (17 decks)

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