Ch 4 Tissue level of organization

Question 1

Tissues

Answer 1

Collections of specialized cells in cell products that perform specific functions tissues in a combination form organs

Question 2

Histology

Answer 2

Is the study of tissues

Question 3

What are the four types of

Answer 3

1 epithelial
2 connective
3 muscle
4 nervous

Question 4

Epithelial tissue

Answer 4

Covers exposed surfaces lines the internal passageways and forms glands

Example is your skin

Question 5

Connective tissue

Answer 5

This fills internal spaces supports other tissues transport materials in stores energy

Question 6

Muscle

Answer 6

Specialized for contraction
Skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and muscular walls of hollow organs

Question 7

Nervous tissue

Answer 7

Carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another

Question 8

What are the functions of the epithelial tissues

Answer 8

It provides physical protection
Controls permeability
Provides sensation
Produces specialized secretions

Question 9

Cell junctions

Answer 9

Are specialized areas of the plasma membrane that attach a cell to another cell or two extracellular materials

Question 10

Gap junctions

Answer 10

Our connections between the cells that permit electrical coupling

Question 11

Tight junctions

Answer 11

Also called occluding junctions they provide connection between cells formed by the fusion of membrane proteins and are tightly bound

Question 12

Desmosomes

Answer 12

Are very strong and can resist stretching and twisting

Spot desmosomes are generally formed by the component of two cells, tie cells together in a dense area in connection to the cytoskeleton this connection gives the decimals and the epithelium it’s strength

Question 13

How does damaged skin generally come off

Answer 13

In sheets,
A good example is when you peel from the Sun

Question 14

Basal lamina

Answer 14

An amorphous, ill organized layer thought to function as a selective filter it is closest to the epithelium

Question 15

Reticular lamina

Answer 15

Is the deeper portion of the basement membrane it provides strength and consists mostly of reticular fibers and ground substance

Question 16

Squamous epithelia

Answer 16

An epithelium who’s superficial cells are flattened and plate like they are somewhat irregular in shape

Question 17

Cuboidal epithelium

Answer 17

Resembles hexagonal boxes from the apical surfaces

Question 18

Columnar epithelia

Answer 18

Appears rectangular but they are hexagonal they are taller and more slender than cells in the qdobal epithelia

Question 19

Transitional epithelia

Answer 19

Cells can change between being squamous and Qdoba this is because it permits repeated cycles of stretching without causing damage

Question 20

Glands

Answer 20

Our cells that produce exocrine and endocrine secretions

Question 21

Endocrine glands

Answer 21

Release hormones that enter the bloodstream and have no ducks

Question 22

Exocrine glands

Answer 22

Are glands at secreton to the body surface and the passageway connected to the exterior through ducts

Question 23

Connective tissues

Answer 23

There are four different types, providing a structural framework that stabilizes the relative positions of the other tissue types

Question 24

Matrix

Answer 24

Consists of extracellular components of connective tissues like fibers and ground substances

Question 25

Vascular

Answer 25

Many blood vessels

Question 26

Avascular

Answer 26

No blood vessels

Question 27

Connective tissue proper

Answer 27

Is a category of connective tissues that connect and protects Examples are fat and tendons

Question 28

Fluid connective tissues

Answer 28

Are a category of connective tissues that provide transport. Blood and lymph are the only two in this category

Question 29

Supporting connective tissues

Answer 29

Our category of connective tissues that provide structural strength Cartilage and Bone are the only two in this group

Question 30

What are the connective tissue fibers

Answer 30

Collagen fibers Reticular fibers Elastic fibers

Question 31

White fat

Answer 31

Is pale or a yellow in color color It is most common, stores fat and absorbs shocks, slows heat loss providing insulation

Question 32

Brown fat

Answer 32

Is found in babies and young children, provides breakdown of lipids releases energy and warms the body

Question 33

Superficial fascia

Answer 33

Separates skin from underlying tissues

Question 34

Deep Basha

Answer 34

Sheets of dense regular connective tissues

Question 35

Subserous fascia

Answer 35

Lies between deep Basha and the serous membrane that line body cavities

Question 36

Blood

Answer 36

Contains a watery matrix called plasma, contain cells and cell fragments collectively known as formed elements these are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 37

Lymph

Answer 37

The fluid content of lymphatic vessels similar in composition to interstitle fluid

Question 38

What are the three types of cartilage

Answer 38

Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage

Question 39

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 39

Is the most common type it provides stiff but flexible support reduces friction between bony surfaces it is found in the synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, trachea, larynx, bronchi, and part of the nasal septum

Question 40

Elastic cartilage

Answer 40

Provides support but tolerates distortion without damage it is found in external ear and the epiglottis and the auditory canal

Question 41

Fiber cartilage

Answer 41

Very durable and tough it resists compression and prevents bone to bone contact / limits movement it is found around joints, between the pubic bones, in between the spinal vertebrae

Question 42

Interstitial growth

Answer 42

Form of cartilage growth in which the cartilage enlarges from within

Question 43

Oppositional growth

Answer 43

A form of cartilage Grove in which the outer surface of the cartilage gradually increases in size

Question 44

Bone

Answer 44

A bone is a strong connective tissue containing specialized cells and a mineralized matrix of systoline calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate It supports the weight of the body and in some places protects the internal organs

Question 45

Periosteum

Answer 45

Is a layer that surrounds a bone consisting of an outer fibrous region and intercellular region

Question 46

Tissue membrane

Answer 46

Are physical barriers that are all made of epithelial tissues they line or cover body surfaces

Question 47

Mucous membrane

Answer 47

They line passageways that have external connections and are coated with the secretions from the mucus gland You can find this in the digestive the respiratory urinary and reproductive tract

Question 48

Serous membrane

Answer 48

Line the peritoneal plural and pericardial cavities. It is thin but strong the parietal portion lines the inner surface of the cavity and the visceral portion also called serosa covers the organ

Question 49

Peritoneum

Answer 49

Lions the peritoneal cavities and covers abdominal organs

Question 50

Pleura

Answer 50

Lions pleural cavities and covers the lungs

Question 51

Pericardium

Answer 51

Lines the pericardial cavity and covers the heart

Question 52

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 52

Skin that covers the body, thick relatively waterproof and usually dry

Question 53

Synovial membranes

Answer 53

Line synovial joint cavities movement stimulates the production of synovial fluid for lubrication and has lack of a true epithelium

Question 54

Striated voluntary muscle

Answer 54

A striped muscle that you can voluntarily move

Question 55

Striated involuntary muscle

Answer 55

A striped muscle that moves on its own and you have no control over for example your cardiac muscles

Question 56

Smooth muscle

Answer 56

Muscle tissue in the walls of many visceral organs smooth muscle is considered non-strited because of appearance and because the nervous system doesn't not voluntary control them

Question 57

Inflammation/inflammatory response

Answer 57

Is a nonspecific defense mechanism that operates at the tissue level characterized by swelling redness heat pain and sometimes loss of function.

Question 58

What are the signs of inflammation

Answer 58

Swelling redness heat pain and sometimes loss of function

Question 59

What can trigger inflammatory response

Answer 59

Trauma or physical injury Infection or the presence of pathogens Damaged cells Damage connective tissues

Question 60

Necrosis

Answer 60

The destruction of tissue

Question 61

Abscess

Answer 61

Pus trapped in an enclosed area